Chapter 16 Flashcards
The endocrine system
is made up of hormones and the glands and cells that secrete them. Like the nervous system, the endocrine system communicates information throughout the body; however, it delivers messages through the use of chemical impulses.
Aldosterone
A hormone that facilitates sodium reabsorption and potassium and hydrogen excretion.
Non-hormonal (humoral) regulation
changes the extracellular concentrations of substances.
Nervous system regulation
sends nerve impulses to control the endocrine glands
Hormonal regulation
in involves a hormone from one gland controlling the secretion of another gland.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
A hormone secreted by the parathyroid that helps raise blood calcium concentrations.
Hypothalamus
A gland that controls many physiological functions and regulates other endocrine glands.
Pituitary Gland
An endocrine gland that is connected to the hypothalamus; secretes hormones.
Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH): A glycoprotein that controls the work of the thyroid gland.
: A protein that stimulates cells to grow and divide more rapidly. It increases amino acid movement, boosts protein synthesis, and regulates how the cells use carbohydrates and fats.
Arenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH): A peptide that controls the secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex.
Follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH
): A glycoprotein that controls the development of follicles in the reproductive organs.
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
: A glycoprotein that encourages the secretion of sex hormones and releases the egg cell in females.
Prolactin (PRL)
: A protein that promotes breast-milk production. Excess PRL in males can limit LH production and lead to impotence.
Antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) causes kidneys to retain water and raises blood pressure when in high concentrations. This hormone plays an important role in the urinary system and in the body’s ability to retain water to prevent dehydration.
Oxytocin
(OT) contracts muscles in the uterus wall and muscles associated with milk-secreting glands. Oxytocin levels surge during labor and nursing and are much slower at other times. In both males and females, this hormone is abundant in sexual arousal and orgasm.
