Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology and Anatomy Final > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

blood vessels contract

A

, keeping the sweat glands closed (conserving heat),

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the endocrine system

A

delivers chemical messages to your body and determines the rate of reactions. The endocrine system coordinates with the nervous system to ensure that processes are happening at a homeostatic speed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A

A hormone secreted by the parathyroid that helps raise blood calcium concentrations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Calcitriol

A

A hormone that is a form of vitamin D that aids in calcium absorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Calcitonin

A

A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that helps lower blood calcium concentrations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aldosterone

A

A hormone that facilitates sodium reabsorption and potassium and hydrogen excretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

An excess of calcium in the blood. Heightened nervous and muscle excitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

A deficiency of calcium in the blood. Nerves and muscle are less responsive to messages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Perception

A

is the conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory receptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sensation

A

requires a stimulus, a sensory receptor, and conduction of an action potential to the CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The somatic senses

A

include touch, pressure, temperature, proprioception, and pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The visceral senses

A

are primarily pain and pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The special senses

A

are smell, taste, vision, hearing, and balance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Primary receptors

A

have axons that transmit action potentials toward the CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Secondary receptors

A

have no axons but release neurotransmitters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adaptation .

A

is decreased sensitivity to a continued stimulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tonic receptors

A

adapt slowly;

18
Q

phasic receptors

A

adapt rapidly

19
Q

The spinothalamic tract - anterolateral

A

carries pain, temperature, light touch, pressure, tickle, and itch sensations.

20
Q

The two major ascending systems

A

are the anterolateral and the dorsal-column/medial-lemniscal systems.

21
Q

The ascending neurons of the spinoreticular tract - anterolateral

A

ascend both contralaterally and ipsilaterally, project to the reticular formation, and influence the level of consciousness.

22
Q

The ascending neurons of the spinomesencephalic tract - anterolateral

A

carry action potentials from cutaneous pain receptors. The spinomesencephalic tract also contributes to eye reflexes.

23
Q

The dorsal-column/medial-lemniscal system

A

carries the sensations of two-point discrimination, proprioception, pressure, and vibration.

24
Q

The trigeminothalamic tract

A

carries sensory information from the face, nose, and mouth.

25
Q

The spinocerebellar tracts

A

carry unconscious proprioception to the cerebellum from the same side of the body.

26
Q

The direct motor pathways

A

maintain muscle tone and control fine, skilled movements in the face and distal limbs.

27
Q

The indirect motor pathways

A

control conscious and unconscious muscle movements in the trunk and proximal limbs.

28
Q

The speech area

A

is in the left cerebral cortex in most people.

29
Q

The Wernicke area

A

comprehends and formulates speech.

30
Q

The Broca area

A

receives input from the Wernicke area and sends impulses to the premotor and motor areas, which cause the muscle movements required for speech.

31
Q

The right and left hemispheres

A

are connected by commissures. The largest commissure is the corpus callosum, which allows the sharing of information between hemispheres.

32
Q

Short-term memory

A

requires long-term potentiation. The two types of memory are declarative and procedural.

33
Q

Long-term memory

A

is converted from short-term by consolidation. The two types of memory are declarative and procedural.

34
Q

The limbic system

A

is involved with emotions, motivation, mood, visceral functions, and memory. Olfactory stimulation is a major influence.

35
Q

Free nerve endings

A

detect light touch, pain, itch, tickle, and temperature.

36
Q

Merkel disks

A

respond to light touch and superficial pressure.

37
Q

Hair follicle receptors

A

wrap around the hair follicle and are involved in the sensation of light touch when the hair is bent.

38
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

, located in the subcutaneous tissue, detect pressure. In joints, they serve a proprioceptive function.

39
Q

Meissner corpuscles

A

, located in the dermis, are responsible for two-point discriminative touch.

40
Q

Golgi tendon organs

A

embedded in tendons, respond to changes in tension.

41
Q

Ruffini end organs

A

are involved in continuous touch or pressure.

42
Q

Muscle spindles

A

, located in skeletal muscle, are proprioceptors.

Physiology and Anatomy Final (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions