Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

considers anatomical changes over time

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2
Q

Gross anatomy studies

A

organs from a systemic or regional perspective

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3
Q

Surface anatomy

A

superficial structures to locate internal structures

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4
Q

Pathology

A

concerned with all aspects of disease

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5
Q

Six organizational levels within the body

A

chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism.

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6
Q

Homeostasis

A

Condition in which body functions, body fluids, and other factors of the internal environment are maintained at levels suitable to support life.

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7
Q

Negative-feedback mechanisms

A

maintain homeostasis by stopping a response once a variable has returned to its set point

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8
Q

Positive-feedback mechanisms

A

usually result in deviations farther from the set point. A few of these mechanisms are normal for homeostasis; some can be harmful.

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9
Q

Feedback loop

A

(1) receptor, (2) control center, and (3) effector.

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10
Q

Sagittal

A

(right and left),

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11
Q

transverse

A

(superior and inferior),

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12
Q

Frontal

A

(anterior and posterior).

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13
Q

Superior vs. inferior

A

Above vs below

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14
Q

Cephalic

Caudal

A

Closer to the head vs. closer to the tail

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15
Q

Anterior

Posterior

A

front vs. back

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16
Q

Ventral vs. dorsal

A

Towards the belly vs. towards the back

17
Q

Proximal

Distal

A

Closer vs. farther

18
Q

Lateral

Medial

A

Away from the midline vs. toward the midline

19
Q

Superficial

Deep

A

Toward the surface vs. away from the surface

20
Q

Anatomical position

A

A human standing erect with the face directed forward, the arms hanging to the sides, and the palms facing forward

21
Q

Supine

A

Person lying upwards

22
Q

Prone

A

Person lying facedown

23
Q

There are two internal body cavities: the dorsal and the ventral

A

(houses the brain and spinal cord)

(subdivided into thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic)

24
Q

The thoracic cavity

A

Heart and lungs

25
Q

Variables

A

The levels that can change in cellular fluids

26
Q

Set point

A

The average or normal value of variables.

27
Q

Feedback loop

A

A circle of communication that returns to the beginning to verify that the correct result has been achieved.

28
Q

Control center

A

A structure that establishes a set point and determines a response when a change occurs.

29
Q

Effector

A

A structure that effects change in the body to maintain homeostasis.

30
Q

Receptor

A

A structure that detects changes caused by a stimulus.