Chapter 5 Flashcards
Operant behavior
Behavior influenced by antecedent and consequence events
Antecedent
Observable stimulus that is present before the behavior occurs
Consequence
Observable stimulus change that happens after behavior occurs
Operant behavior is behavior influenced by antecedent and _______ events.
Consequence
An antecedent is an observable stimulus that is present _______ the behavior occurs.
Before
A _______ is an observable stimulus change that happens after behavior occurs.
Consequence
Antecedent or consequence?
Cloe takes a bite of her burrito. It tastes so good!
Consequence
Antecedent or consequence?
Liam has an itchy ear. He sticks his finger in and gives it a good scratch.
Antecedent
Antecedent or consequence?
Madeline gets up when her alarm goes off.
Antecedent
Antecedent or consequence?
Jasmine presses the play button on her podcast app. The podcast begins to play.
Consequence
Basic operant contingency
When behavior is influenced by a response-consequence contingency, the individual has learned how to operate some aspect of their environment.
Two-term contingency
Response- consequence contingency
Describes the casual (IF-THEN) relation between an operant behavior and its consequences.
Noncontingent consequence
Occurs after a response, but not because the response caused it to occur.
Contingent relation
Consequence/Response
You study the flashcards that you made for this class (_______) and you get a better grade on the exam (_______).
Response
Consequence
Contingent relation
Consequence/Response
The cucumber is halved (_______) when you apply pressure to the knife (_______).
Consequence
Response
Contingent relation
Consequence/Response
You receive a paycheck (_______) because you worked last month (_______).
Consequence
Response
Noncontingent relation
Consequence/Response
While visiting the Washington Monument, you point up (_______) and your phone starts to ring (_______).
Response
Consequence
Noncontingent relation
Consequence/Response
Just as you look out the window (_______), it starts to rain (_______).
Response
Consequence
Noncontingent relation
Consequence/Response
A booger falls out of your nose and onto your shirt (_______) just after you begin studying (_______).
Consequence
Response
Noncontingent relation
Consequence/Response
You hear a plane flying overhead (_______) after you turn on the TV (_______).
Consequence
Response
Superstitious behavior
Occurs when the individual behaves as though a response-consequence contingency exists when, in fact, the relation between response and consequence is noncontingent.
You post a picture of your trip to the museum on your favorite social media platform _______ (response or consequence). Later that day you see that the picture was “liked” _______ (response or consequence).
The relation between response and consequence is _______ (contingent/noncontingent)
Response
Consequence
Contingent
Your mouth feels cleaner ______ (response or consequence) after you brush your teeth _______ (response or consequence).
The relation between response and consequence is _______ (contingent/noncontingent)
Consequence
Response
Contingent
After you sit down in the movie theater _______ (response or consequence) the movie starts _______ (response or consequence).
The relation between response and consequence is _______ (contingent/noncontingent)
Response
Consequence
Noncontingent
Reinforcer
A consequence that increases operant behavior above its baseline level
Reinforcement
The process or procedure whereby a reinforcer increases operant behavior above its baseline level
Rewards
Beneficial consequences that we think will function as reinforcers, but we don’t know yet if they will
James established a contingent relation between sitting on command and dog treats. James thinks that the dog treats will function as a _______, but until he can demonstrate that they increase the probability of sitting on command, James can only describe them as _______.
Reinforcer
Rewards
A consequence that increases operant behavior above its baseline level is referred to as _______.
Reinforcer
The process by which a reinforcer increases operant behavior above it’s baseline level is referred to as _______.
Reinforcement
If a consequence occurs independent of behavior, there is no response-consequence contingency. We refer to such events as _______ consequences.
Noncontingent
The first scientist to demonstrate that reinforcers increase the probability of behavior was _______.
Edward L. Thorndike
The first scientist to demonstrate that reinforcers influence behavior was _______.
Edward L. Thorndike
If a stimulus change happens after behavior, it is called a(n) _______.
Consequence
If a stimulus change happens before behavior, it is called a(n) _______.
Antecedent
Antecedents cannot be classified as reinforcers because reinforcers happen _______ behavior.
After
If a consequence increases behavior above its baseline level, we call it a _______.
Reinforcer
