Chapter 5

Question 1

Operant behavior

Answer 1

Behavior influenced by antecedent and consequence events

Question 2

Antecedent

Answer 2

Observable stimulus that is present before the behavior occurs

Question 3

Consequence

Answer 3

Observable stimulus change that happens after behavior occurs

Question 4

Operant behavior is behavior influenced by antecedent and _______ events.

Answer 4

Consequence

Question 5

An antecedent is an observable stimulus that is present _______ the behavior occurs.

Answer 5

Before

Question 6

A _______ is an observable stimulus change that happens after behavior occurs.

Answer 6

Consequence

Question 7

Antecedent or consequence?

Cloe takes a bite of her burrito. It tastes so good!

Answer 7

Consequence

Question 8

Antecedent or consequence?

Liam has an itchy ear. He sticks his finger in and gives it a good scratch.

Answer 8

Antecedent

Question 9

Antecedent or consequence?

Madeline gets up when her alarm goes off.

Answer 9

Antecedent

Question 10

Antecedent or consequence?

Jasmine presses the play button on her podcast app. The podcast begins to play.

Answer 10

Consequence

Question 11

Basic operant contingency
When behavior is influenced by a response-consequence contingency, the individual has learned how to operate some aspect of their environment.

Answer 11

Two-term contingency

Question 12

Response- consequence contingency

Answer 12

Describes the casual (IF-THEN) relation between an operant behavior and its consequences.

Question 13

Noncontingent consequence

Answer 13

Occurs after a response, but not because the response caused it to occur.

Question 14

Contingent relation

Consequence/Response
You study the flashcards that you made for this class (_______) and you get a better grade on the exam (_______).

Answer 14

Response
Consequence

Question 15

Contingent relation

Consequence/Response
The cucumber is halved (_______) when you apply pressure to the knife (_______).

Answer 15

Consequence
Response

Question 16

Contingent relation

Consequence/Response
You receive a paycheck (_______) because you worked last month (_______).

Answer 16

Consequence
Response

Question 17

Noncontingent relation

Consequence/Response
While visiting the Washington Monument, you point up (_______) and your phone starts to ring (_______).

Answer 17

Response
Consequence

Question 18

Noncontingent relation

Consequence/Response
Just as you look out the window (_______), it starts to rain (_______).

Answer 18

Response
Consequence

Question 19

Noncontingent relation

Consequence/Response
A booger falls out of your nose and onto your shirt (_______) just after you begin studying (_______).

Answer 19

Consequence
Response

Question 20

Noncontingent relation

Consequence/Response
You hear a plane flying overhead (_______) after you turn on the TV (_______).

Answer 20

Consequence
Response

Question 21

Superstitious behavior

Answer 21

Occurs when the individual behaves as though a response-consequence contingency exists when, in fact, the relation between response and consequence is noncontingent.

Question 22

You post a picture of your trip to the museum on your favorite social media platform _______ (response or consequence). Later that day you see that the picture was “liked” _______ (response or consequence).

The relation between response and consequence is _______ (contingent/noncontingent)

Answer 22

Response
Consequence
Contingent

Question 23

Your mouth feels cleaner ______ (response or consequence) after you brush your teeth _______ (response or consequence).

The relation between response and consequence is _______ (contingent/noncontingent)

Answer 23

Consequence
Response
Contingent

Question 24

After you sit down in the movie theater _______ (response or consequence) the movie starts _______ (response or consequence).

The relation between response and consequence is _______ (contingent/noncontingent)

Answer 24

Response
Consequence
Noncontingent

Question 25

Reinforcer

Answer 25

A consequence that increases operant behavior above its baseline level

Question 26

Reinforcement

Answer 26

The process or procedure whereby a reinforcer increases operant behavior above its baseline level

Question 27

Rewards

Answer 27

Beneficial consequences that we think will function as reinforcers, but we don’t know yet if they will

Question 28

James established a contingent relation between sitting on command and dog treats. James thinks that the dog treats will function as a _______, but until he can demonstrate that they increase the probability of sitting on command, James can only describe them as _______.

Answer 28

Reinforcer
Rewards

Question 29

A consequence that increases operant behavior above its baseline level is referred to as _______.

Answer 29

Reinforcer

Question 30

The process by which a reinforcer increases operant behavior above it’s baseline level is referred to as _______.

Answer 30

Reinforcement

Question 31

If a consequence occurs independent of behavior, there is no response-consequence contingency. We refer to such events as _______ consequences.

Answer 31

Noncontingent

Question 32

The first scientist to demonstrate that reinforcers increase the probability of behavior was _______.

Answer 32

Edward L. Thorndike

Question 33

The first scientist to demonstrate that reinforcers influence behavior was _______.

Answer 33

Edward L. Thorndike

Question 34

If a stimulus change happens after behavior, it is called a(n) _______.

Answer 34

Consequence

Question 35

If a stimulus change happens before behavior, it is called a(n) _______.

Answer 35

Antecedent

Question 36

Antecedents cannot be classified as reinforcers because reinforcers happen _______ behavior.

Answer 36

After

Question 37

If a consequence increases behavior above its baseline level, we call it a _______.

Answer 37

Reinforcer