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DE STUDY > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

1.​Which statement about the freezing point of water is MOST accurate? (167)
​A.​Below 32°F (0°C), water converts to a solid state of matter.
​B.​Below 40°F (4°C), water is able to convert to a solid state of matter.
​C.​Water will not freeze until ambient temperature and surface water temperature are the same.
​D.​Water will not freeze until surface water temperature is lower than ambient temperature.

A

​A.​Below 32°F (0°C), water converts to a solid state of matter.

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2
Q

2.​When water converts to a gas, water vapor, or steam, the water: (167)
​A.​immediately dissipates so it is rarely visible.
​B.​changes to droplets that will fall back to the surface.
​C.​only becomes visible if the ambient air temperature is above 40°F (4°C).
​D.​only becomes visible as it rises away from the surface of the liquid and begins to condense.

A

​D.​only becomes visible as it rises away from the surface of the liquid and begins to condense.

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3
Q

3.​Water is: (167)
​A.​compressible only in a vacuum.
​B.​considered to be virtually incompressible.
​C.​compressible only at very low temperatures.
​D.​compressible only at very high temperatures.

A

​B.​considered to be virtually incompressible.

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4
Q

4.​For fire protection purposes, ordinary fresh water is considered to weigh: (167)
​A.​5.5 lb/gal (.66 kg/L).
​B.​8.3 lb/gal (1 kg/L).
​C.​10.2 lb/gal (1.2 kg/L).
​D.​12 lb/gal (1.5 kg/L).

A

B.​8.3 lb/gal (1 kg/L).

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5
Q

5.​Water may be used to smother fires in a combustible liquid when the: (168)
​A.​liquid’s specific gravity is higher than 1.
​B.​liquid’s specific gravity is less than than 1.
​C.​ambient air temperature is below 32°F (0°C).
​D.​ambient air temperature is above 32°F (0°C).

A

​A.​liquid’s specific gravity is higher than 1.

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6
Q

6.​When water converts to steam within a closed space, the fire: (168)
​A.​may react with the steam violently.
​B.​may be extinguished by smothering.
​C.​will become larger and more difficult to extinguish.
​D.​will stay in the incipient stage until it is extinguished.

A

​B.​may be extinguished by smothering.

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7
Q

7.​Which is a characteristic of water? (169)
​A.​Its heat-absorbing capacity is greatest when paired with other extinguishing agents.
​B.​Its heat-absorbing capacity is reduced when paired with other extinguishing agents.
​C.​It has lower heat-absorbing capacity than other common extinguishing agents.
​D.​It has greater heat-absorbing capacity than other common extinguishing agents.

A

​D.​It has greater heat-absorbing capacity than other common extinguishing agents.

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8
Q

8.​At 212°F (100°C), water converted to steam occupies approximately: (169)
​A.​20 times its original volume.
​B.​100 times its original volume.
​C.​1,200 times its original volume.
​D.​1,700 times its original volume.

A

​D.​1,700 times its original volume.

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9
Q

9.​As an extinguishing agent, water is generally an: (169)
​A.​expensive but readily available commodity.
​B.​inexpensive and readily available commodity.
​C.​expensive and not readily available commodity.
​D.​inexpensive but not readily available commodity.

A

​B.​inexpensive and readily available commodity.

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10
Q

10.​A characteristic of water as an extinguishing agent is that it: (169)
​A.​has a low surface tension that makes it easy to soak into dense materials.
​B.​initially has a low surface tension but after being applied has a high surface tension.
​C.​initially has a high surface tension but after being applied has a low surface tension.
​D.​has a high surface tension that makes it somewhat difficult to soak into dense materials.

A

​D.​has a high surface tension that makes it somewhat difficult to soak into dense materials.

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11
Q

11.​Which statement about water curtains is MOST accurate? (169)
​A.​Radiant heat does not pass through water, so water curtains are very effective.
​B.​Radiant heat easily passes through water, rendering water curtains ineffective.
​C.​Radiant heat passes through water but with difficulty, so the effectiveness of water curtains is difficult to determine.
​D.​Radiant heat passes through cold water but not warm water, so the effectiveness of water curtains depends on temperature.

A

​B.​Radiant heat easily passes through water, rendering water curtains ineffective.

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12
Q

12.​Which statement about water and electricity is accurate? (170)
​A.​Water is a poor conductor of electricity.
​B.​Water is a good conductor of electricity.
​C.​Water conducts electricity only at very high voltages.
​D.​Water can conduct electricity, but does not create hazardous situations.

A

​B.​Water is a good conductor of electricity.

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13
Q

13.​Which is the BEST description of pressure? (170)
​A.​Force per unit area
​B.​Weight per unit area
​C.​Relative measure of weight
​D.​Simple measure of movement

A

​A.​Force per unit area

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14
Q

14.​The first principle of pressure states that fluid pressure is: (172)
​A.​greatest at the center of the vessel.
​B.​different depending upon the vessel.
​C.​congruent to any surface on which it acts.
​D.​perpendicular to any surface on which it acts.

A

​D.​perpendicular to any surface on which it acts.

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15
Q

15.​The second principle of pressure states that fluid pressure at a point in fluid at rest is: (172)
​A.​greater near the top.
​B.​greater near the bottom.
​C.​the same intensity in all directions.
​D.​variable and not the same in all directions.

A

​C.​the same intensity in all directions.

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16
Q

16.​The third principle of pressure states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is: (172)
​A.​greater near the top.
​B.​greater near the bottom.
​C.​transmitted equally in all directions.
​D.​variable and not the same in all directions.

A

​C.​transmitted equally in all directions.

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17
Q

17.​The fourth principle of pressure states that the pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is: (173)
​A.​proportional to its depth.
​B.​independent of its depth.
​C.​dependent upon the length of time in vessel.
​D.​variable even when vessels remain the same.

A

​A.​proportional to its depth.

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18
Q

18.​The fifth principle of pressure states that the pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is: (173)
​A.​variable for similar liquids.
​B.​dependent upon the vessel size.
​C.​independent of the density of the liquid.
​D.​proportional to the density of the liquid.

A

​D.​proportional to the density of the liquid.

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19
Q

19.​The sixth principle of pressure states that the pressure of a liquid at the bottom of a vessel is: (174)
​A.​greater at the center.
​B.​independent of the shape of the vessel.
​C.​greater toward the outside of the vessel.
​D.​dependent upon the shape of the vessel.

A

​B.​independent of the shape of the vessel

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20
Q

20.​Which statement describes the relationship between pressure and altitude? (174)
​A.​Pressure is independent of the altitude.
​B.​Pressure is similar at low and very high altitudes.
​C.​Pressure is greatest at low altitudes and least at very high altitudes.
​D.​Pressure is greatest at very high altitudes and least at low altitudes.

A

​C.​Pressure is greatest at low altitudes and least at very high altitudes.

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21
Q

21.​Which term refers to any pressure less than atmospheric pressure? (175)
​A.​Vacuum
​B.​Head pressure
​C.​Static pressure
​D.​Perfect vacuum

A

​A.​Vacuum

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22
Q

​22.​Which term refers to absolute zero pressure? (175)
​A.​Vacuum
​B.​Head pressure
​C.​Static pressure
​D.​Perfect vacuum

A

​D.​Perfect vacuum

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23
Q

23.​In order to convert head in feet to head pressure in psi, you must divide the number of feet by: (175)
​A.​1.50.
​B.​2.304.
​C.​4.302.
​D.​6.32.

A

​B.​2.304.

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24
Q

24.​Which term refers to stored potential energy available to force water through pipes, fittings, hose and adapters? (175)
​A.​Head pressure
​B.​Static pressure
​C.​Residual pressure
​D.​Normal operating pressure

A

​B.​Static pressure

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25
Q

25.​Which term refers to the pressure found in a water distribution system during normal consumption demands? (176)
​A.​Head pressure
​B.​Static pressure
​C.​Residual pressure
​D.​Normal operating pressure

A

​D.​Normal operating pressure

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26
Q

26.​The difference between static pressure and normal operating pressure is: (176)
​A.​static pressure is normal operating pressure minus 1.0.
​B.​static pressure is normal operating pressure minus 2.30.
​C.​normal operating pressure is residual pressure plus static pressure.
​D.​the friction caused by water flowing through the pipes, valves and fittings.

A

​D.​the friction caused by water flowing through the pipes, valves and fittings.

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27
Q

27.​Which term refers to the portion of total available pressure not used to overcome friction loss or gravity while forcing water through pipes, fittings, hoses, adapters? (176)
​A.​Flow pressure
​B.​Head pressure
​C.​Residual pressure
​D.​Normal operating pressure

A

​C.​Residual pressure

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28
Q

28.​Which term refers to the forward velocity pressure while water is flowing from a discharge opening? (176)
​A.​Flow pressure
​B.​Head pressure
​C.​Residual pressure
​D.​Normal operating pressure

A

​A.​Flow pressure

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29
Q

29.​When a nozzle is above the level of the pump, there is: (176)
​A.​pressure loss.
​B.​pressure gain.
​C.​no change in pressure.
​D.​either pressure loss or pressure gain.

A

​A.​pressure loss.

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30
Q

30.​When a nozzle is below the level of the pump, there is: (176)
​A.​pressure loss.
​B.​pressure gain.
​C.​no change in pressure.
​D.​either pressure loss or pressure gain.

A

​B.​pressure gain.

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31
Q

31.​Why does altitude impact the production of fire streams? (176)
​A.​Because atmospheric pressure affects temperature
​B.​Because atmospheric pressure affects foam production
​C.​Because atmospheric pressure drops as height above sea level increases
​D.​Because atmospheric pressure increases as height above sea level increases

A

​C.​Because atmospheric pressure drops as height above sea level increases

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32
Q

32.​Friction loss is that part of the total pressure lost: (177)
​A.​while water is stationary in pipes.
​B.​as water contacts its intended object.
​C.​as water moves through the atmosphere.
​D.​while forcing water through pipe, fittings, fire hose, and adapters.

A

​D.​while forcing water through pipe, fittings, fire hose, and adapters.

33
Q

33.​Which is a cause of friction loss in fire hose? (177)
​A.​Sharp bends
​B.​Use of newer nozzles
​C.​Ambient temperature
​D.​Lack of adequate personnel

A

​A.​Sharp bends

34
Q

34.​Why is friction loss in newer, modern fire hose much less than in older fire hose? (177)
​A.​Modern fire hose has shorter sections.
​B.​Modern fire hose has much larger diameters.
​C.​Modern fire hose has a smoother inner lining.
​D.​Modern fire hose has a smoother outer lining.

A

​C.​Modern fire hose has a smoother inner lining.

35
Q

35.​The first principle of friction loss states that if all other conditions are the same, friction loss: (178)
​A​ varies directly with length of hose or pipe.
​B.​is independent of the length of hose or pipe.
​C.​is reduced by half each time the length of hose or pipe doubles.
​D.​increases by 25% every time the length of hose or pipe doubles.

A

​A​. Varies directly with length of hose or pipe.

36
Q

36.​The second principle of friction loss illustrates that (178)
​A.​friction loss and velocity are unrelated.
​B.​friction loss develops much faster than change in velocity.
​C.​friction loss develops much slower than change in velocity.
​D.​friction loss develops at the same rate as change in velocity.

A

B.​friction loss develops much faster than change in velocity.

37
Q

37.​Why does the third principle of friction loss demonstrate the advantage of larger size hose? (179)
​A.​For the same discharge, friction loss varies inversely as the second power of diameter of hose.
​B.​For the same discharge, friction loss varies inversely as the third power of diameter of hose.
​C.​For the same discharge, friction loss varies inversely as the fifth power of diameter of hose.
​D.​For the same discharge, friction loss varies inversely as the tenth power of diameter of hose.

A

​C.​For the same discharge, friction loss varies inversely as the fifth power of diameter of hose.

38
Q

38.​The fourth principle of friction loss states that for a given velocity, friction loss is: (179)
​A.​widely variable, regardless of pressure on the water.
​B.​inversely proportional to the pressure on the water.
​C.​approximately the same, regardless of pressure on the water.
​D.​increased by 25% for every 25% increase of pressure on the water.

A

​C.​approximately the same, regardless of pressure on the water.

39
Q

39.​Which statement about fire hose and friction loss is MOST accurate? (179)
​A.​Given the same velocity, small and large hose will deliver the same volume.
​B.​Hose size has relatively little effect on velocity required to deliver water.
​C.​The larger the hose, the greater the velocity needed to deliver the same volume.
​D.​The smaller the hose, the greater the velocity needed to deliver the same volume.

A

​D.​The smaller the hose, the greater the velocity needed to deliver the same volume.

40
Q

40.​Which statement about friction loss is MOST accurate? (180)
​A.​Flow pressure is greatest at the farthest point in the system.
​B.​Flow pressure will always be lowest closest to the source of supply.
​C.​Friction loss in a water system decreases as length of hose or piping increases.
​D.​Friction loss in a water system increases as length of hose or piping increases.

A

​D.​Friction loss in a water system increases as length of hose or piping increases.

41
Q

41.​Which would be the BEST option to reduce friction loss caused by hose length? (181)
​A.​Reduce the length of the lay
​B.​Increase the length of the lay
​C.​Use a different type of nozzle
​D.​Increase the velocity of the water

A

​A.​Reduce the length of the lay

42
Q

42.​Which type of friction loss can usually be minimized by employing proper hose handling techniques? (181)
​A.​Hose length
​B.​Water presure
​C.​Hose diameter
​D.​Sharp bends in the hose

A

​D.​Sharp bends in the hose

43
Q

43.​Which of the following causes water hammer? (181)
​A.​Increasing the water pressure
​B.​Hoses or pipes that have deformities
​C.​Suddenly stopping water moving through a hose or pipe
​D.​Suddenly increasing the amount of water moving through a hose or pipe

A

​C.​Suddenly stopping water moving through a hose or pipe

44
Q

44.​Which action fire departments should take when a large volume of water is needed in an area? (182)
​A.​Request that water utility department increase water pressure
​B.​Request that nearby homeowners and businesses stop water usage
​C.​Completely fill pumpers with water then attempt an offensive fire attack
​D.​Ration water used at the incident scene so that exposures are protected first

A

​A.​Request that water utility department increase water pressure

45
Q

45.​When engineers estimate the amount of water that a large city needs, the: (183)
​A.​only needs taken into account are the industrial/domestic needs.
​B.​domestic/industrial requirements will far exceed that required for fire protection.
​C.​requirements for fire protection will far exceed those for domestic/industrial needs.
​D.​needs for fire protection and domestic/industrial needs should be considered to be the same.

A

​B.​domestic/industrial requirements will far exceed that required for fire protection.

46
Q

46.​Which means of moving water uses one or more pumps that take water from a primary source and discharge it through filtration and treatment processes? (183)
​A.​Direct pumping system
​B.​Linear pumping system
​C.​Primary pumping system
​D.​Forced distribution system

A

​A.​Direct pumping system

47
Q

47.​Which statement about a gravity system is MOST accurate? (183)
​A.​Uses a primary water source at the same elevation as the distribution system
​B.​Uses a primary water source located at a lower elevation than the distribution system
​C.​Uses a primary water source located at a higher elevation than the distribution system
​D.​Uses two primary water sources, one at a higher elevation and one at a lower elevation

A

​C.​Uses a primary water source located at a higher elevation than the distribution system

48
Q

48.​For water supply, most communities use a: (183)
​A.​gravity system.
​B.​direct pumping system.
​C.​combination of the direct pumping and gravity systems.
​D.​proprietary pumping system that is designed specifically for that community.

A

​C.​combination of the direct pumping and gravity systems.

49
Q

49.​What is the MAIN concern of fire departments regarding water treatment facilities? (184)
​A.​Amount of chemicals put into the water
​B.​Cost of the water for the fire department
​C.​Possible damage to apparatus tanks caused by treatment
​D.​Maintenance failure or other events could disable pumping station(s) or severely hamper the purification process

A

​D.​Maintenance failure or other events could disable pumping station(s) or severely hamper the purification process

50
Q

50.​A dead-end fire hydrant is a fire hydrant that: (184)
​A.​is located last on a street.
​B.​receives water from two directions.
​C.​receives water from only one direction.
​D.​is located where turn-around in not possible.

A

​C.​receives water from only one direction.

51
Q

51.​Which describes a circulating feed or looped line? (184)
​A.​When a fire hydrant is located in a cul-de-sac
​B.​When a fire hydrant is located at an intersection
​C.​When a fire hydrant receives water from only one direction
​D.​When a fire hydrant receives water from two or more directions

A

​D.​When a fire hydrant receives water from two or more directions

52
Q

52.​In a grid system, large pipes (mains), with relatively widespread spacing, that convey large quantities of water to various points of the system for local distribution to smaller mains are called: (184)
​A.​distributors.
​B.​primary feeders.
​C.​secondary feeders.
​D.​circulating feeders.

A

​B.​primary feeders.

53
Q

53.​In a grid system, a network of intermediate-sized pipes that reinforce the grid and aid the concentration of required fire flow at any point are called: (185)
​A.​distributors.
​B.​primary feeders.
​C.​secondary feeders.
​D.​circulating feeders.

A

​C.​secondary feeders.

54
Q

54.​The valves within a water distribution system should be: (186)
​A.​inspected and operated yearly by the fire department.
​B.​inspected and operated monthly by the fire department.
​C.​inspected and operated yearly by the water supply utility.
​D.​inspected and operated monthly by the water supply utility.

A

​C.​inspected and operated yearly by the water supply utility.

55
Q

55.​Which type of valve is commonly used on private water supply systems and the words open or shut appear in a window as the valve approaches one position or the other? (186)
​A.​Gate valve
​B.​Butterfly valve
​C.​Post indicator (PIV) valve
​D.​Outside screw and yoke (OS&Y) valve

A

​C.​Post indicator (PIV) valve

56
Q

56.​Which type of valve has a yoke on the outside with threaded stem that controls the gate’s opening or closing and is most commonly used on sprinkler systems? (186)
​A.​Gate valve
​B.​Butterfly valve
​C.​Post indicator (PIV) valve
​D.​Outside screw and yoke (OS&Y) valve

A

​D.​Outside screw and yoke (OS&Y) valve

57
Q

57.​Which are the most common type of valves used on most public water distribution systems? (186)
​A.​Primary valves
​B.​Indicating valves
​C.​Secondary valves
​D.​Nonindicating valves

A

​D.​Nonindicating valves

58
Q

58.​If a gate valve resists turning after fewer than the indicated number of turns required to close the valve, the: (187)
​A.​valve should be considered closed.
​B.​valve should be blown out with water.
​C.​condition should be noted for later repair.
​D.​condition should be reported to the responsible agency.

A

​D.​condition should be reported to the responsible agency.

59
Q

59.​Who should the fire department coordinate with before flushing hydrants in nonemergency situations? (188)
​A.​Law enforcement
​B.​Local water authority
​C.​Local transportation authority
​D.​Neighboring housing additions

A

​B.​Local water authority

60
Q

60.​Rates of consumption allow engineers and fire protection personnel to determine: (188)
​A.​size of pumpers.
​B.​charges for consumers.
​C.​mutual aid agreements.
​D.​adequacy of the water distribution system.

A

​D.​adequacy of the water distribution system.

61
Q

61.​Most commonly, private water supply systems receive their water from a(an): (188)
​A.​cistern.
​B.​underground well.
​C.​nearby lake or reservoir.
​D.​municipal water supply system.

A

​D.​municipal water supply system.

62
Q

62.​If a property is served by both the municipal system and a private source consisting of nonpotable water: (188)
​A.​backflow measures are not needed.
​B.​the systems can be interconnected.
​C.​the private source cannot be considered usable.
​D.​measures must be taken to prevent cross contamination.

A

​D.​measures must be taken to prevent cross contamination.

63
Q

63.​The piping for fire protection and domestic/industrial services for private water supply systems are: (189)
​A.​almost always separate.
​B.​generally interconnected.
​C.​cost prohibitive for businesses.
​D.​prone to multiple breakdowns.

A

​A.​almost always separate.

64
Q

64.​Which is an advantage to having separate piping arrangements for a private water supply system? (189)
​A.​Allows business to not follow codes
​B.​More cost effective than just one system
​C.​Systems can be used as redundant supply systems
​D.​Neither of the systems is affected by service interruptions to the other

A

​D.​Neither of the systems is affected by service interruptions to the other

65
Q

1.​Which statement about the characteristics of water is MOST accurate? (167)
​A.​Water is compressible at all temperatures while its weight varies at different temperatures.
​B.​Water is considered to be virtually incompressible and its weight varies at different temperatures.
​C.​Water is compressible at very low temperatures while its weight remains constant at all temperatures.
​D.​Water is considered virtually incompressible and its weight remains constant at different temperatures.

A

​B.​Water is considered to be virtually incompressible and its weight varies at different temperatures.

66
Q

2.​Which statement about the ability of water to extinguish fire is MOST accurate? (168)
​A.​Water extinguishes fire by cooling objects it is applied to.
​B.​Water can cool or absorb heat from a fire as well as smother fires.
​C.​Water breaks the chain reaction of a fire by disrupting the fuel source.
​D.​Water must be combined with some other extinguishing agent in order to extinguish fires.

A

​B.​Water can cool or absorb heat from a fire as well as smother fires.

67
Q

3.​Because a large amount of heat is required to change water to steam: (169)
​A.​the fire will expand before water puts it out.
​B.​this allows less heat to be absorbed from the fire.
​C.​this allows more heat to be absorbed from the fire.
​D.​the fire will be extinguished before water changes to steam.

A

​C.​this allows more heat to be absorbed from the fire.

68
Q

4.​At 212°F (100°C), water converted to steam occupies approximately: (169)
​A.​170 times its original volume.
​B.​700 times its original volume.
​C.​1,700 times its original volume.
​D.​7,000 times its original volume.

A

​C.​1,700 times its original volume.

69
Q

5.​Which principle of pressure is illustrated when two containers hold two different liquids of different depths, but the pressure at the bottom of each container is approximately the same? (173)
​A.​Fluid pressure is perpendicular to any surface on which it acts.
​B.​Fluid pressure at a point in fluid at rest is the same intensity in all directions.
​C.​The pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to the density of the liquid.
​D.​Pressure applied to a confined fluid from without is transmitted equally in all directions.

A

​C.​The pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to the density of the liquid.

70
Q

6.​Atmospheric pressure at sea level is considered to be: (174)
​A.​10 psi (70 kPa).
​B.​12.2 psi (85 kPa).
​C.​14.7 psi (100 kPa).
​D.​16.4 psi (115 kPa).

A

​C.​14.7 psi (100 kPa).

71
Q

7.​The forward velocity pressure while water is flowing from a discharge opening is considered: (176)
​A.​flow pressure.
​B.​head pressure.
​C.​residual pressure.
​D.​normal operating pressure.

A

​A.​flow pressure.

72
Q

8.​Which principle of friction loss demonstrates the advantage of a larger size hose? (179)
​A.​If all other conditions are the same, friction loss varies directly with length of hose or pipe.
​B.​For the same discharge, friction loss varies inversely as the fifth power of diameter of hose.
​C.​For a given velocity, friction loss is approximately the same, regardless of pressure on the water.
​D.​When hoses are same size, friction loss varies approximately with the square of the increase in velocity of the flow.

A

​B.​For the same discharge, friction loss varies inversely as the fifth power of diameter of hose.

73
Q

9.​Which action would reduce friction loss caused by hose length or diameter? (181)
​A.​Using older fire hose
​B.​Increasing personnel on the hose
​C.​Increasing the diameter of the hose
​D.​Decreasing the diameter of the hose

A

​C.​Increasing the diameter of the hose

74
Q

10.​Which means of moving water uses a primary water source located at a higher elevation than the distribution system ? (183)
​A.​Gravity system
​B.​Direct pumping system
​C.​Looped pumping system
​D.​Indirect pumping system

A

​A.​Gravity system

75
Q

11.​Which term refers to a fire hydrant that receives water from two or more directions? (184)
​A.​Dead-end hydrant
​B.​Multiple inlet hydrant
​C.​Circulating feed or looped line
​D.​Multiple source circular supply

A

​C.​Circulating feed or looped line

76
Q

12.​Water main valves should be located: (185)
​A.​at frequent intervals in a grid system.
​B.​at infrequent intervals in a grid system.
​C.​so that they correspond with landmarks such as intersections.
​D.​so that they correspond with areas most likely to fail in the system.

A

​A.​at frequent intervals in a grid system.

77
Q

13.​​What are the two broad categories of valves for water systems? (186)

A

Indicating and nonindicating

78
Q

14.​​What are two purposes of private water supply systems? (188)

A

To provide water strictly for fire protection purposes
• To provide water for sanitary and fire protection purposes
• To provide water for fire protection and manufacturing processes

79
Q

15.​Why must protected properties maintain two completely separate systems when potable and nonpotable water systems are both used? (188)

A

To prevent cross contamination

DE STUDY (22 decks)

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