Chapter 5

Question 1

Planning

Answer 1

Choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy to achieve that goal

Question 2

Steps in Planning

Answer 2

Set Goals, Develop commitment, Develop effective action plans, Track progress toward goal achievement, maintain flexibility

Question 3

S.M.A.R.T. Goals

Answer 3

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Timely

Question 4

Goal Commitment

Answer 4

The determination to achieve a goal.

Question 5

Action Plan

Answer 5

Lists the specific steps how, who, resources(what), and time period (when) for accomplishing a goal

Question 6

Proximal Goals

Answer 6

Short term goals or sub goals

Question 7

Distal Goals

Answer 7

Long term or primary goals

Question 8

Option-based planning

Answer 8

Maintaining, planning flexibility by making small, simultaneous investments in many alternatives

Question 9

Slack resources

Answer 9

A cushion of extra resources that can be used to address and adapt to unanticipated changes, problems, or opportunities

Question 10

Strategic plans

Answer 10

That make clear how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitors in the next two to five years.

Question 11

Purpose statement

Answer 11

A statement of a company’s purpose or reason for existing

Question 12

Strategic objective

Answer 12

A more specific goal that unifies company wide efforts,stretches and challenges the organization and possesses a finish line and a time frame

Question 13

Tactical plans

Answer 13

Specify how a company will use resources, budgets, and people to accomplish, specific goals related to its strategic objective 6 months to 2years/5 years

Question 14

Tactical plans and objectives

Answer 14

Used to direct behavior, efforts, and attention over the next 6 months to a year

Question 15

Management by objectives

Answer 15

Discuss possible goals
Collectively select goals that are challenging, attainable, and consistent with the company’s overall goals, jointly develop tactical plans that lead to the accomplishment of tactical goals and objectives , meet regularly to review progress toward accomplishment of those goals

Question 16

Decision making

Answer 16

The process of choosing a solution from available alternatives

Question 17

Rational decision making

Answer 17

A systematic process of defining problems evaluating alternatives and choosing optimal solutions

Question 18

Steps 1 rational decision making

Answer 18

Define problem or gap between a desired state and an existing state

Question 19

Step 2

Answer 19

Decision criteria the standards used to guide judgements and decisions

Question 20

Step 3

Answer 20

Absolute comparisons or a process in which each decision criterion is compared to a standard or ranked on its own merits

Relative comparisons a process in which each decision criterion is compared directly with every other criterion

Question 21

Maximize

Answer 21

Choosing the best alternatives

Question 22

Satisfysing

Answer 22

Choosing a good enough alternative

Question 23

Step 4

Answer 23

Generate alternative course of actions

Question 24

Step 5

Answer 24

Evaluate each alternative against each criterion systematically

Question 25

Step 6

Answer 25

Compute optimal decision
Involves multiplying the rating for each criterion by the weight for that criterion and then summing the generated scores

Question 26

Pitfalls of group decision making

Answer 26

Groupthink a barrier to good decision making caused by pressure within the group for members to agree with each other
Takes considerable time
Individuals can dominate group discussions
Equality bias

Question 27

C-Type conflict (cognitive conflict)

Answer 27

Disagreement that focuses on problem and issue related differences of opinion

Question 28

A type conflict

Answer 28

Disagreement that focuses on individuals or personal issues

Question 29

C type conflicts

Answer 29

Devils advocacy and dialectical inquiry

Question 30

Devils advocacy

Answer 30

A descission making method in which an individual or a subgroup is assigned the role of critic

Question 31

Dialectical inquiry

Answer 31

A decision making method in which decision makers state the assumptions of a proposed solution (a thesis) and generate a solution that is the opposite (antithesis) of that solution

Question 32

Nominal group technique

Answer 32

A rescission making method that begins and ends by having group members quietly write down and evaluate ideas to be shared with a group

Decreasing a type conflict

Question 33

Delphi technique

Answer 33

A decision making method in which members of a panel of experts respond to questions and to each other until reaching agreement on an issue