Chapter 49: Pharmacology Fundamentals

Question 1

a drug capable of producing sleep and relieving pain or inducing unconsciousness and even death, depending on the dosage

Answer 1

narcotic

Question 2

to lay down as a rule or direction, to order or advise the use of

Answer 2

prescribed

Question 3

give as in medication

Answer 3

administration

Question 4

unintended or adverse effects of a medication, ranging from mild to intolerable

Answer 4

side effects

Question 5

a reaction between two (or more) drugs or between a drug and a food, beverage or supplement

Answer 5

drug interactions

Question 6

a response of a medication which is judged to be desirable and beneficial

Answer 6

therapeutic response

Question 7

what are the main categories that drugs are divided into

Answer 7

chemotherapeutic, pharmacodynamic, and miscellaneous agents

Question 8

used to cure a disease caused by an infectious organism or cancer

Answer 8

chemotherapeutic drugs

Question 9

treat noninfectious processes by acting on different systems to suppress chemicals or hormones being released in excess or to augment chemical or hormones being produced in insufficient amounts

Answer 9

pharmocodynamic drugs

Question 10

a drug that binds to a receptor in order to produce or trigger a response

Answer 10

agonists

Question 11

a drug that blocks the actions of a receptor or its intended ligand

Answer 11

antagonists

Question 12

describes the action of a medication that augments or enhances the actions of another medication

Answer 12

synergistic

Question 13

the combined actions of two or more drugs are the same as the sum of each action individually

Answer 13

additive effects

Question 14

includes medications such as pain relivers, smoking cessation agents, and antipsoratics

Answer 14

miscellaneous agents

Question 15

affect how the body responds to a drug

Answer 15

considerations of a drug action

Question 16

the difference between the max and min; the amount of variation allowed from a standard

Answer 16

tolerance

Question 17

deliever small amounts of medication in a sustained, time-release manner

Answer 17

transdermal patches

Question 18

when given by _______ it reaches the blood stream more rapidly than other routes

Answer 18

injection

Question 19

true or false: when a patient takes a medication for a long-period of time, they do not develop a tolerance

Answer 19

false

Question 20

true or false: medication allergies can occur at any time even if they have taken the same medication several times before

Answer 20

true

Question 21

an adverse effect of a medication that is not related to an immune response

Answer 21

intolerance

Question 22

effects of drugs are categorized as

Answer 22

local, remote, and systemic

Question 23

having its effect restricted to the area in which it was administered

Answer 23

local drug effect

Question 24

its effect takes place in areas other than the place of administration

Answer 24

remote drug effect

Question 25

the effect is generalized throughout the body

Answer 25

systemic drug effect

Question 26

cylinder-shaped enclosure for medication of either a gelatin-coated or time-released

Answer 26

capsules

Question 27

a sterile solution that controls medication intended to be delievered directly into the area to be treated

Answer 27

drops

Question 28

are prepared to be delievered in either a fixed or nonfixed does to be breathed in through the nose or mouth

Answer 28

inhalants

Question 29

are medications suspended in alcohol or water may be prepared for oral, intramuscular, subcutaneous intravenous, intra-arterial, inthrathecal nasogastric, or orogastric delievery

Answer 29

liquids

Question 30

fine particles intended to be dissolved in liquids or foods just prior to being taken

Answer 30

powders

Question 31

preparations are ointments, creams, or lotions that can be applied directly to the skin

Answer 31

skin

Question 32

are bullet-shaped tablets that melt easily at body temperature for administration through the vagina, urethra, or rectum

Answer 32

suppositories

Question 33

medications that are bound together by substances that dissolve in stomach acids

Answer 33

tablets

Question 34

drug names are identified by four names:

Answer 34

generic, trade, chemical, official

Question 35

general; characteristic of a genus or group

Answer 35

generic name

Question 36

the name a manufacturer assigns to a given medication compound for marketing purposes or to simplify referencing the medication

Answer 36

trade name

Question 37

described by atomic or molecular structure

Answer 37

chemical name

Question 38

when the drug is approved by the FDA and are not capitalized

Answer 38

generic name (also official name)

Question 39

the government agency responsible for regulating the approval of meds, food, cosmetics and certain supplements

Answer 39

food and drug administration (FDA)

Question 40

usually easier to remember than generic names and are capitalized

Answer 40

trade name

Question 41

the intended purpose or reason for using a particular medication

Answer 41

indiction

Question 42

name the generic and trade name for the medication that has an indiction of pain relief, fever reduction

Answer 42

generic- acetaminophen trade- Tylenol

Question 43

name the generic and trade name for the medication that has an indiction of pain relief, fever reducer, decrease platelet adherence

Answer 43

generic- aspirin trade- Ecotrin

Question 44

name the generic and trade name for the medication that has an indicition of hypertension

Answer 44

generic-captopril trade- Capoten

Question 45

name the generic and trade name for the medication that has an indicition of pain reliever (narcotic)

Answer 45

generic-morphine sulfate trade- Roxanol

Question 46

a written direction for the preparation of a medicine

Answer 46

prescription

Question 47

a legal permit to engage in an activity

Answer 47

licensed

Question 48

drug that has the potential for abuse and addiction

Answer 48

controlled substance

Question 49

a division of the federal government responsible for the enforcement of laws regulating the distribution and sale of drugs

Answer 49

drug enforcement administration (DEA)

Question 50

true or false: the DEA maintains oversight for legally prescribed and used narcotic drugs

Answer 50

true

Question 51

drugs that have a high potential for addiction, unaccepted medically, high potential for dependence, examples heroin, LSD, marijuana

Answer 51

schedule 1

Question 52

drugs that have a high potential for addiction, accepted medically but tightly restricted, severe psychic or physical potential for dependence, examples amphetamines and morphine

Answer 52

schedule 2

Question 53

drugs less than 1 or 2, low to moderate potential for abuse, acceptable for medical use, high psychological potential for dependence, examples certain opiods, barbiturates, and some depressants

Answer 53

schedule 3

Question 54

low potential for abuse, acceptable medically, limited physical and psychological potential for dependence, examples phenobarbitial

Answer 54

schedule 4

Question 55

drugs that have a low potential for abuse, acceptable medically, limited physical and psychological potential for dependence, examples small amount of codeine in cough suppressants

Answer 55

schedule 5

Question 56

have no recognized medicinal use in the united states and prescriptions are prohibited

Answer 56

schedule 1

Question 57

must have a written or typed prescription order with provider's personal signature and DEA registry number and may not be refilled

Answer 57

schedule 2

Question 58

may be written or phone in; may be refilled 5 times in 6 months

Answer 58

schedule 3

Question 59

may be refilled 5 times in 6 months

Answer 59

schedule 3 and 4

Question 60

subject to state and local regulations, written prescription may not be required

Answer 60

schedule 5

Question 61

true or false: controlled substances should be kept stored under double lock

Answer 61

true

Question 62

concerning drugs or pharmacy

Answer 62

pharmaceuticals

Question 63

true or false: refrigerated medications can be kept in the same storage as office staff food and other medications

Answer 63

false

Question 64

a small glass tube or bottle containing medication or a chemical

Answer 64

vial

Question 65

a digital compilation of manufacturers prescribing information (package insert) on prescription drugs that is updated regularly

Answer 65

prescribers digital reference (PDR)

Question 66

one of the reference books that lists information about medications

Answer 66

physicians desk refrence )PDR)

Question 67

the study and practice of compounding and dispensing medical preparations

Answer 67

pharmacology

Question 68

a compilation of standards related to medications, drug substances, medical devices, and vitamins

Answer 68

USP_NF

Question 69

phrase indicating that substitutions for generics or similar medications are not allowed by the prescriber

Answer 69

dispense as writeen (DAW)

Question 70

refers to the agency that has oversight for hospitals adhering to regulations that allow them to bill for medicare reimbursement for medical services provided

Answer 70

joint commission