Chapter 49: Pharmacology Fundamentals Flashcards
a drug capable of producing sleep and relieving pain or inducing unconsciousness and even death, depending on the dosage
narcotic
to lay down as a rule or direction, to order or advise the use of
prescribed
give as in medication
administration
unintended or adverse effects of a medication, ranging from mild to intolerable
side effects
a reaction between two (or more) drugs or between a drug and a food, beverage or supplement
drug interactions
a response of a medication which is judged to be desirable and beneficial
therapeutic response
what are the main categories that drugs are divided into
chemotherapeutic, pharmacodynamic, and miscellaneous agents
used to cure a disease caused by an infectious organism or cancer
chemotherapeutic drugs
treat noninfectious processes by acting on different systems to suppress chemicals or hormones being released in excess or to augment chemical or hormones being produced in insufficient amounts
pharmocodynamic drugs
a drug that binds to a receptor in order to produce or trigger a response
agonists
a drug that blocks the actions of a receptor or its intended ligand
antagonists
describes the action of a medication that augments or enhances the actions of another medication
synergistic
the combined actions of two or more drugs are the same as the sum of each action individually
additive effects
includes medications such as pain relivers, smoking cessation agents, and antipsoratics
miscellaneous agents
affect how the body responds to a drug
considerations of a drug action
the difference between the max and min; the amount of variation allowed from a standard
tolerance
deliever small amounts of medication in a sustained, time-release manner
transdermal patches
when given by _______ it reaches the blood stream more rapidly than other routes
injection
true or false: when a patient takes a medication for a long-period of time, they do not develop a tolerance
false
true or false: medication allergies can occur at any time even if they have taken the same medication several times before
true
an adverse effect of a medication that is not related to an immune response
intolerance
effects of drugs are categorized as
local, remote, and systemic
having its effect restricted to the area in which it was administered
local drug effect
its effect takes place in areas other than the place of administration
remote drug effect
the effect is generalized throughout the body
systemic drug effect
cylinder-shaped enclosure for medication of either a gelatin-coated or time-released
capsules
a sterile solution that controls medication intended to be delievered directly into the area to be treated
drops
are prepared to be delievered in either a fixed or nonfixed does to be breathed in through the nose or mouth
inhalants
are medications suspended in alcohol or water may be prepared for oral, intramuscular, subcutaneous intravenous, intra-arterial, inthrathecal nasogastric, or orogastric delievery
liquids
fine particles intended to be dissolved in liquids or foods just prior to being taken
powders
preparations are ointments, creams, or lotions that can be applied directly to the skin
skin
are bullet-shaped tablets that melt easily at body temperature for administration through the vagina, urethra, or rectum
suppositories
medications that are bound together by substances that dissolve in stomach acids
tablets
drug names are identified by four names:
generic, trade, chemical, official
general; characteristic of a genus or group
generic name
the name a manufacturer assigns to a given medication compound for marketing purposes or to simplify referencing the medication
trade name
described by atomic or molecular structure
chemical name
when the drug is approved by the FDA and are not capitalized
generic name (also official name)
the government agency responsible for regulating the approval of meds, food, cosmetics and certain supplements
food and drug administration (FDA)
usually easier to remember than generic names and are capitalized
trade name
the intended purpose or reason for using a particular medication
indiction
name the generic and trade name for the medication that has an indiction of pain relief, fever reduction
generic- acetaminophen
trade- Tylenol
name the generic and trade name for the medication that has an indiction of pain relief, fever reducer, decrease platelet adherence
generic- aspirin
trade- Ecotrin
name the generic and trade name for the medication that has an indicition of hypertension
generic-captopril
trade- Capoten
name the generic and trade name for the medication that has an indicition of pain reliever (narcotic)
generic-morphine sulfate
trade- Roxanol
a written direction for the preparation of a medicine
prescription
a legal permit to engage in an activity
licensed
drug that has the potential for abuse and addiction
controlled substance
a division of the federal government responsible for the enforcement of laws regulating the distribution and sale of drugs
drug enforcement administration (DEA)
true or false: the DEA maintains oversight for legally prescribed and used narcotic drugs
true
drugs that have a high potential for addiction, unaccepted medically, high potential for dependence, examples heroin, LSD, marijuana
schedule 1
drugs that have a high potential for addiction, accepted medically but tightly restricted, severe psychic or physical potential for dependence, examples amphetamines and morphine
schedule 2
drugs less than 1 or 2, low to moderate potential for abuse, acceptable for medical use, high psychological potential for dependence, examples certain opiods, barbiturates, and some depressants
schedule 3
low potential for abuse, acceptable medically, limited physical and psychological potential for dependence, examples phenobarbitial
schedule 4
drugs that have a low potential for abuse, acceptable medically, limited physical and psychological potential for dependence, examples small amount of codeine in cough suppressants
schedule 5
have no recognized medicinal use in the united states and prescriptions are prohibited
schedule 1
must have a written or typed prescription order with provider’s personal signature and DEA registry number and may not be refilled
schedule 2
may be written or phone in; may be refilled 5 times in 6 months
schedule 3
may be refilled 5 times in 6 months
schedule 3 and 4
subject to state and local regulations, written prescription may not be required
schedule 5
true or false: controlled substances should be kept stored under double lock
true
concerning drugs or pharmacy
pharmaceuticals
true or false: refrigerated medications can be kept in the same storage as office staff food and other medications
false
a small glass tube or bottle containing medication or a chemical
vial
a digital compilation of manufacturers prescribing information (package insert) on prescription drugs that is updated regularly
prescribers digital reference (PDR)
one of the reference books that lists information about medications
physicians desk refrence )PDR)
the study and practice of compounding and dispensing medical preparations
pharmacology
a compilation of standards related to medications, drug substances, medical devices, and vitamins
USP_NF
phrase indicating that substitutions for generics or similar medications are not allowed by the prescriber
dispense as writeen (DAW)
refers to the agency that has oversight for hospitals adhering to regulations that allow them to bill for medicare reimbursement for medical services provided
joint commission
