Chapter 4 Muscular system Flashcards
long, slender cells that make-up muscles
muscle fibers
a band of connective tissue that envelops separates, or binds together muscles or groups or muscles
fascia
pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia
myofascial
word root: means fascia
fasci
a narrow band of non-elastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
tendon
attaches muscles to bottom of patella
patellar tendon
attaches the gastrocnemius muscle
achilles tendon
sheet-like fibrous connective tissue resembling a flattened tendon that connects muscles together or to a bone
a poneurosis
types of tissue
skeletal, smooth, myocardial
attached to bones of the skeleton and make body movements possible
skeletal muscles
means striped
striated
located in walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands
smooth muscles
word root: means relating to the internal organs
visceral
aka mycardium or cardiac muscle, forms muscular walls of the heart
myocardial muscles
the stimulation of a muscles by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve
innervation
pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and a muscle
neruomuscular
word root: means muscle
muscul
is the tightening of a muscle
contraction
occurs when a muscle returns to its original form
relaxation
the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
abduction
prefix: means away from
ab-
word root: meas lead
duct
suffix: means action
-ion
during ________ limb moves outward away from the side of the body
abduction
a muscle that moves a body part away from the midline
abductor
the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
adduction
prefix: means toward
ad-
a muscle that moves a body part toward the midline
adductor
decreasing the angle between two bones by bending limb at a joint
flexion
word root: means to bend
flex
bends a limb at a joint
flexor muscle
increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb
extensions
prefix: means away from
ex-
word root: means stretch out
tens
straightens a limb at a joint
extensor muscle
extreme or over extension of a limb or body part beyond normal limit
hyperextension
act of raising or lifting a body part
elevation
muscles of the face act of lowering a body part
levator anguli oris
a muscle that raises a body part
levator
act of lowering a body part
depression
lowers the center of the mouth into a frown
depressor anguli oris
lowers a body part
depressor
a circular movement around an axis
rotation
an imaginary line that runs lengthwise through center of body
axis
the circular movement at the far end of a limb
circumduction
turns a body part on its axis
rotator muscle
group of muscles and tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint
rotator cuff
act of rotating arm or leg so the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned forward or upward
supination
the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward and backward
pronation
the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
dorsiflexion
movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle
plantar flexion
word root: means pertaining to the sole of the foot
plantar
located near surface, just under the skin
superficial muscles
where the muscle begins and is located nearest the midline of the body or on a less moveable part of the skeleton
origin
where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon
insertion
helps bend the neck and rotate the head
sternocleidomastoid muscle
combining form: means breastbone
stern/o
combining form: means collar bone
cleid/o
inserts at the point of insertion into the mastoid process
mastoid muscle
pair of muscles that make flexion and extension of the wrist possible
flexor carpi muscles and extensor carpi muscles
a thick, fan-like shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest walls
pectoralis major
word root: means relating to the chest
pectoral
toward the side
lateralis
a muscle toward the midline of the leg
vastus lateralis
word root is a latin word for huge
vastrus
toward the midline
medialis
a muscle towards the midline of the leg
vastus medialis
slanted or at an angle
oblique
in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body
rectus
a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
sphincter
closes the anus
anal sphincter
in a crosswise direction
transverse
aka biceps formed from two divisions
biceps brachii
prefix: means two
bi-
suffix: means head
-ceps
aka triceps formed from three divisions
triceps bracii
prefix: means three
tri-
largest muscle of the buttock
gluteus maximus
located on the shoulder, shaped like an inverted triangle
deltoid muscle
located at the back of the upper leg, consists of three separate muscles: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranous muscles
hamstring group
muscle in the forehead raises and lowers eyebrows
frontalis or occipitofrontalis
muscle moves lower jaw up and back to close the mouth
temporalis
one of the strongest in the body, moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing
masseter muscle
in males, makes up bulk of chest muscles
pectoralis major
in females, lies under the breast
pectoralis major
found in the abdomen
external and internal oblique muscles
flex and rotate the vertebral column, also flex torso and compress the abdomen
external oblique muscles
flex the spine, support the abdominal contents, help us breathe and rotate the spine
internal oblique muscles
helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing and supports the spine
rectus abdominis
located at the side of the abdomen
transverse abdominis
engages when a person laughs or coughs
core muscle
forms muscular cap of the shoulder
deltoid
moves head and shoulder blade
trapezius
flexes the elbow
biceps bracii
extends the elbow
triceps brachii
extends leg at the knee and flexes thigh at the hip joint
rectus femoris
made up of four muscles flex and extend the leg at the knee
quadriceps femoris
calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward
gastrocnemius
specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
exercise physiologist
physician who specializes in treating causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders
neurologist
helps enable patients to participate in activities of daily life, including self-care, education, work, or social interaction
occupational therapist
physician specalizes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function
physiatrist
restoration following disease, illness, or injury of ability to function in normal
rehabilitation
provides treatment to prevent disability or restore function through use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques
physical therapist
specializes in prevention and treatment of injuries of bones, joints, and muscles for athletes and other active individuals
sports medicine physician
inflammation of the fascia
fasciitis
a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms
fibromyalgia
combining form: means fibrous tissue
fibr/o
a condition causing weakness
debilitating
an inflammation of the sheath around a tendon
tenosynovitis
sometimes spelled tendonitis, an acute inflammation or irritation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual of the joint
tendinitis
a chronic condition characterized by pain due to repetitive overuse or injury that has not healed
tendinosis
a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems
chronic fatigue syndrom
a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
adhesion
weakness or wearing a way of body tissues and structures
atrophy
a condition of physically wasting away due to loss of weight and muscle mass in patients with diseases
cachexia
