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Chapter One Intro To Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 Muscular system > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Muscular system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

long, slender cells that make-up muscles

A

muscle fibers

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2
Q

a band of connective tissue that envelops separates, or binds together muscles or groups or muscles

A

fascia

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3
Q

pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

A

myofascial

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4
Q

word root: means fascia

A

fasci

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5
Q

a narrow band of non-elastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

A

tendon

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6
Q

attaches muscles to bottom of patella

A

patellar tendon

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7
Q

attaches the gastrocnemius muscle

A

achilles tendon

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8
Q

sheet-like fibrous connective tissue resembling a flattened tendon that connects muscles together or to a bone

A

a poneurosis

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9
Q

types of tissue

A

skeletal, smooth, myocardial

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10
Q

attached to bones of the skeleton and make body movements possible

A

skeletal muscles

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11
Q

means striped

A

striated

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12
Q

located in walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands

A

smooth muscles

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13
Q

word root: means relating to the internal organs

A

visceral

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14
Q

aka mycardium or cardiac muscle, forms muscular walls of the heart

A

myocardial muscles

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15
Q

the stimulation of a muscles by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

A

innervation

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16
Q

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and a muscle

A

neruomuscular

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17
Q

word root: means muscle

A

muscul

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18
Q

is the tightening of a muscle

A

contraction

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19
Q

occurs when a muscle returns to its original form

A

relaxation

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20
Q

the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

A

abduction

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21
Q

prefix: means away from

A

ab-

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22
Q

word root: meas lead

A

duct

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23
Q

suffix: means action

A

-ion

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24
Q

during ________ limb moves outward away from the side of the body

A

abduction

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25
Q

a muscle that moves a body part away from the midline

A

abductor

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26
Q

the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

A

adduction

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27
Q

prefix: means toward

A

ad-

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28
Q

a muscle that moves a body part toward the midline

A

adductor

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29
Q

decreasing the angle between two bones by bending limb at a joint

A

flexion

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30
Q

word root: means to bend

A

flex

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31
Q

bends a limb at a joint

A

flexor muscle

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32
Q

increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb

A

extensions

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33
Q

prefix: means away from

A

ex-

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34
Q

word root: means stretch out

A

tens

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35
Q

straightens a limb at a joint

A

extensor muscle

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36
Q

extreme or over extension of a limb or body part beyond normal limit

A

hyperextension

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37
Q

act of raising or lifting a body part

A

elevation

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38
Q

muscles of the face act of lowering a body part

A

levator anguli oris

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39
Q

a muscle that raises a body part

A

levator

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40
Q

act of lowering a body part

A

depression

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41
Q

lowers the center of the mouth into a frown

A

depressor anguli oris

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42
Q

lowers a body part

A

depressor

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43
Q

a circular movement around an axis

A

rotation

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44
Q

an imaginary line that runs lengthwise through center of body

A

axis

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45
Q

the circular movement at the far end of a limb

A

circumduction

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46
Q

turns a body part on its axis

A

rotator muscle

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47
Q

group of muscles and tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint

A

rotator cuff

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48
Q

act of rotating arm or leg so the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned forward or upward

A

supination

49
Q

the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward and backward

A

pronation

50
Q

the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

A

dorsiflexion

51
Q

movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle

A

plantar flexion

52
Q

word root: means pertaining to the sole of the foot

A

plantar

53
Q

located near surface, just under the skin

A

superficial muscles

54
Q

where the muscle begins and is located nearest the midline of the body or on a less moveable part of the skeleton

A

origin

55
Q

where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon

A

insertion

56
Q

helps bend the neck and rotate the head

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

57
Q

combining form: means breastbone

A

stern/o

58
Q

combining form: means collar bone

A

cleid/o

59
Q

inserts at the point of insertion into the mastoid process

A

mastoid muscle

60
Q

pair of muscles that make flexion and extension of the wrist possible

A

flexor carpi muscles and extensor carpi muscles

61
Q

a thick, fan-like shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest walls

A

pectoralis major

62
Q

word root: means relating to the chest

A

pectoral

63
Q

toward the side

A

lateralis

64
Q

a muscle toward the midline of the leg

A

vastus lateralis

65
Q

word root is a latin word for huge

A

vastrus

66
Q

toward the midline

A

medialis

67
Q

a muscle towards the midline of the leg

A

vastus medialis

68
Q

slanted or at an angle

A

oblique

69
Q

in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

A

rectus

70
Q

a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

A

sphincter

71
Q

closes the anus

A

anal sphincter

72
Q

in a crosswise direction

A

transverse

73
Q

aka biceps formed from two divisions

A

biceps brachii

74
Q

prefix: means two

A

bi-

75
Q

suffix: means head

A

-ceps

76
Q

aka triceps formed from three divisions

A

triceps bracii

77
Q

prefix: means three

A

tri-

78
Q

largest muscle of the buttock

A

gluteus maximus

79
Q

located on the shoulder, shaped like an inverted triangle

A

deltoid muscle

80
Q

located at the back of the upper leg, consists of three separate muscles: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranous muscles

A

hamstring group

81
Q

muscle in the forehead raises and lowers eyebrows

A

frontalis or occipitofrontalis

82
Q

muscle moves lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

A

temporalis

83
Q

one of the strongest in the body, moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing

A

masseter muscle

84
Q

in males, makes up bulk of chest muscles

A

pectoralis major

85
Q

in females, lies under the breast

A

pectoralis major

86
Q

found in the abdomen

A

external and internal oblique muscles

87
Q

flex and rotate the vertebral column, also flex torso and compress the abdomen

A

external oblique muscles

88
Q

flex the spine, support the abdominal contents, help us breathe and rotate the spine

A

internal oblique muscles

89
Q

helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing and supports the spine

A

rectus abdominis

90
Q

located at the side of the abdomen

A

transverse abdominis

91
Q

engages when a person laughs or coughs

A

core muscle

92
Q

forms muscular cap of the shoulder

A

deltoid

93
Q

moves head and shoulder blade

A

trapezius

94
Q

flexes the elbow

A

biceps bracii

95
Q

extends the elbow

A

triceps brachii

96
Q

extends leg at the knee and flexes thigh at the hip joint

A

rectus femoris

97
Q

made up of four muscles flex and extend the leg at the knee

A

quadriceps femoris

98
Q

calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward

A

gastrocnemius

99
Q

specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness

A

exercise physiologist

100
Q

physician who specializes in treating causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders

A

neurologist

101
Q

helps enable patients to participate in activities of daily life, including self-care, education, work, or social interaction

A

occupational therapist

102
Q

physician specalizes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

A

physiatrist

103
Q

restoration following disease, illness, or injury of ability to function in normal

A

rehabilitation

104
Q

provides treatment to prevent disability or restore function through use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques

A

physical therapist

105
Q

specializes in prevention and treatment of injuries of bones, joints, and muscles for athletes and other active individuals

A

sports medicine physician

106
Q

inflammation of the fascia

A

fasciitis

107
Q

a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms

A

fibromyalgia

108
Q

combining form: means fibrous tissue

A

fibr/o

109
Q

a condition causing weakness

A

debilitating

110
Q

an inflammation of the sheath around a tendon

A

tenosynovitis

111
Q

sometimes spelled tendonitis, an acute inflammation or irritation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual of the joint

A

tendinitis

112
Q

a chronic condition characterized by pain due to repetitive overuse or injury that has not healed

A

tendinosis

113
Q

a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems

A

chronic fatigue syndrom

114
Q

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

A

adhesion

115
Q

weakness or wearing a way of body tissues and structures

A

atrophy

116
Q

a condition of physically wasting away due to loss of weight and muscle mass in patients with diseases

A

cachexia

117
Q
A
118
Q
A
119
Q
A

Chapter One Intro To Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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