Chapter 49 Flashcards
Excreted waste products of digestion
Feces / Stool
Is generally about 125 to 150cm long; comprised of seven parts: cecum, ascending, transverse and descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anus
Large intestine
Pouches on the large intestine
Haustra
The act of taking in food
Ingestion
Waste products leaving the stomach into the small intestine
Chyme
As much as ______ ml of chyme passes into the large intestine and all but _____ ml gets reabsorbed in the proximal half of the colon
1500; 100
Largely air and the by-products of carb digestion
Flatus
Movement of chyme back and forth in the haustra; aids in the absorption of water
Haustral churning
wavelike movement produced by circular and longitudinal muscle fibers of intestinal walls; propels contents forward
Peristalsis
The rectum of the adult is usually _____ to ____ cm long
10, 15
Distension of veins
hemorrhoids
Expulsion of feces; frequency and volume is highly individual
Bowel movement / defecation
True or False Normal feces is about 75% water and 25% solid mass
True
True or False An adult usually produces 7 to 10L of gas every 24 hours in the large intestine
True
Meconium is first fecal material passed; pass stool frequently;
Newborns and Infants
Defecation control begins at 1.5 to 2 years of age; Daytime control is attained by 2.5 years of age, typically
Toddlers
Increased peristalsis of the colon after food has entered the stomach
Gastrocolic reflex
True or False Healthy fecal elimination usually requires a daily fluid intake of 2000 to 3000ml
True
Medications that stimulate bowel activity and assist fecal elimination
Laxatives
Temporary cessation of intestinal movement
Ileus
Four common problems related to fecal elimination
Constipation, diarrhea, bowel incontinence and flatulence
fewer than three bowel movements per week
Constipation
Mass or collection of hardened feces in the folds of the rectum
Fecal impaction
Passage of liquid feces and increased frequency of defecation
Diarrhea
Loss of voluntary ability to control feces; may be partial (prevent minor soiling) or major (inability to control feces of normal consistency); prevalence increases with age
Bowel incontinence / fecal incontinence
Presence of excessive flatus in the intestines; leads to stretching and inflation of the intestines
Flatulence
Opening for the gastrointestinal, urinary or respiration tract onto the skin
Ostomy
Opening through the abdominal wall into the stomach
Gastrostomy
Opening through the abdominal wall into the jejunum
Jejunostomy
Opening through the abdominal wall into the ileum
Ileostomy
Opening through the abdominal wall into the colon
Colostomy
Opening created in the abdominal wall by the ostomy; generally red in color and moist
Stoma
Created when one end of bowel is brought out through an opening onto the anterior abdominal wall; referred to as an end or terminal colostomy
Single stoma
Loop of bowel is brought out and supported by a plastic bridge
Loop colostomy
Two edges of bowel are brought out, but separated from each other
Divided colostomy
Resembles a double barreled shotgun
double barreled colostomy
Portable chair with toilet seat and receptacle beneath
Commode
Drugs that induce defecation; includes suppositories
Cathartics
Herbal oils known to help expel gas from the stomach and intestine
Carminatives
Solution introduced into the rectum and large intestine increasing peristalsis and excretion of feces and flatus
Enema
Isotonic solutions are considered to the ______ enema solution to use
safest
