Chapter 35 Flashcards
Substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment or relief of a symptom of for the prevention of disease
Medication
Written direction for the preparation and administration of a drug
Prescription
Name assigned by the United States Adopted Names Council and is used throughout the drug’s lifetime.
Generic Name
The given name by the drug manufacturer and identifies it as property of that company. Sometimes called the brand name.
Trade Name
The name under which a drug is listed in one of the official publications
Official Name
Name by which a chemist knows it; this name describes the constituents of the drug precisely
Chemical Name
Study of the effects of drugs on living organisms
Pharmacology
The art of preparing, compounding and dispensing drugs
Pharmacy
The licensed ___________ prepares, makes and dispenses drugs as order by the physician, dentist, nurse practitioner or physician assistant.
Pharmacist
Book containing a list of products used in medicine, with descriptions of the product, chemical test for determining identity and purity, and formulas and prescriptions.
Pharmacopoeia
The primary effect intended, that is, the reason the drug is prescribed
Therapeutic effect / desired effect
A secondary effect of a drug is one that is unintended
Side effect
__________ __________ results from overdosage, ingestion of a drug intended for external use, or buildup of the drug in the blood because of imparted metabolism or excretion.
Drug toxicity
Immunologic reaction to a drug
Drug allergy
A severe allergic reaction usually occurs immediately after the administration of the drug
Anaphylactic reaction
Ture or False An allergic reaction can occur anytime from a few minutes to 2 weeks after the administration of the drug
True
________ _________ exist in a person who has unusually low physiological response to a rug and who requires increases in the dosage to maintain a given therapeutic effect.
Drug Tolerance
True or False Drugs that commonly produce tolerance are opiates, barbiturates and ethyl alcohol
True
The __________ effect is the increasing response to repeated doses of drug that occurs when the rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or excretion
Cumulative
An ___________ effect is one that is unexpected and may be individual to the client.
Idiosyncratic
Occurs when the administration of one drug before, at the same time as, or after another drug alters the effect of one or both drugs
Drug interaction
A _________ effect occurs when two different drugs increase the action of one or another drug.
Synergistic
Disease caused unintentionally by medical therapy
Iatrogenic disease
The improper use of common medications in ways that lead to acute and chronic toxicity
Drug misuse
True or False Only prescription drugs may be misused
False, both OTC and prescription drugs may be misused
An inappropriate intake of a substance, either continually or periodically
Drug Abuse
A person’s reliance on or need to take a drug or substance
Drug Dependence
True or False Drug abuse has two main facets
True, drug dependence and habituation
____________ dependence is due to biochemical changes in body tissues, especially the nervous system
Physiological
True or False A dependent person who stops taking a drug experiences withdrawal symptoms
True
___________ dependence is emotional reliance on a drug to maintain a sense of welling being.
Psychological
_________ _________ denotes a mild form of psychological dependence
Drug habituation
The drug’s specific target
Receptor
True or False When a drug produces the same type of response as the physiological or endogenous substance, it is referred to as a agonist
True
A drug that inhibits cell function by occupying receptor sites
Antagonist
The study of absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion of a drug
Pharmacokinetics
The process by which a drug passes into the bloodstream
Absorption
True or False A drug administered intravenously is immediately in the vascular system without having to be absorbed
True
The transportation of a drug from its site of absorption to its site of action
Distribution
True or False When a drug enters the bloodstream, it is carried to the most vascular organs, the heart, liver and kidneys
False, the liver, kidneys and brain
The process by which a drug is converted to a less active form
Biotransformation
True or False Biotransformation can also be called detoxification or metabolism
True
The process by which drug metabolites are eliminated from the body
Excretion
True or False Most drug metabolites are eliminated by the liver
False, the kidneys in the urine
A clients response to a drug is influenced by genetic variations such as gender, size and body composition
Pharmacogenetics
The study of the effect of racial and ethnic differences / responses to prescribed medication
Ethnopharmacology
True or False A client’s expectations about a drugs effects can affect the response to the medication
True
Administration of a drug that is placed under the tongue
Sublingual
Administration of a drug that is held in the mouth against the mucous membranes of the cheek
Buccal
Administration of a drug into the subcutaneous tissue
Subcutaneous / hypodermic
Administration of a drug into a muscle
Intramuscular
Administration of a drug under the epidermis
Intradermal
Administration of a drug into a vein
Intravenous
_____ order indicates that the medication is to be given immediately and only once
Stat
______ order is for medication given once at a specified time
Single
______ order may or may not have a termination date
Standing
______ order permits the nurse to give a medication when the client requires it; referred to as an as-needed order
Prn
True or False The nurse should assess a client’s health status and obtain a medication history prior to giving any medications
True
True or False A medication history information about the prescription medications the client is currently taking or has taken recently.
False, a medication history includes prescription medications, Over-The-Counter (OTC) medications and non sanctioned drugs (e.g. marijuana).
The process of creating the most accurate list possible of all medications a patient is taking
Medication reconciliation
Identifying the client; Informing the client; Administering the drug; Providing adjunctive interventions as indicated; Record the drugs administered; Evaluating the client’s response to the drug
Process of Administering Medications
The ______ route is the most common route by which medications are given
Oral
True or False The administration of oral drugs in an acute care setting can be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel
False
A _________ tube is inserted by way of the nasopharynx and is placed into the client’s stomach for the purpose of feeding the client
Nasogastric
A _________ tube is surgically placed into the stomach and provides another route for administering drugs and food
Gastrostomy
What are the three parts of the syringe?
Tip, barrel and plunger
This type of syringe comes in 3 and 5 ml sizes
Hypodermic
True or False Syringes range in size from 1 to 50 ml
False 1 to 60 ml
The ___________ syringe was originally designed to administer tuberculin solution
Tuberculin
What are the three parts of a needle?
Hub, shaft and bevel
_______ bevels are used for subcutaneous and intramuscular injections; _______ bevels are used for intradermal and Intravenous injections
Longer; short
The shaft length of commonly used needles varies from ____ to ____ inches
1/2; 2
The gauge varies from _______ to _______
18; 30
Glass container usually designed to hold a single dose of a drug
Ampule
Small glass bottle with a deal rubber cap
Vial
Technique of adding a diluent to a powdered drug to prepare it for administration
Reconstitution
True or False Preparing medications from ampules cannot be delegated to UAP’s
True
True or False Preparing medications from vials can be delegated to UAP’s
False
Injection method most frequently used for allergy testing and TB screening; Common sites are lower arm, upper chest and back beneath the scapulae
Intradermal
Injection method used to administer vaccines, insulin and heparin; common sites include upper arms and anterior thigh
Subcutaneous
Injection method into the muscle; usually 3 to 5 ml, 1.5 inch long syringe with a gauge of 21 or 22
Intramuscular
Route of absorption through the skin
Percutaneous
Type of topical / dermatologic medication delivery system
Transdermal patch
Medications for the eye
Ophthalmic
Washing out of a cavity by a water stream or other fluid that may or may not be medicated
Irrigation / Lavage
