Chapter 45 Flashcards
An altered state of consciousness in which the individual’s perception of and reaction to the environment is decreased; characterized by minimal physical activity variable level of consciousness, changes in physiological processes and decreased responsiveness to external stimuli
Sleep
True or False The cyclical nature of sleep is thought to be controlled by centers located in the lower part of the brain
True
_________ ___________ refers to the basic organization of normal sleep
Sleep architecture
Sleep is divided into four stages; represents 75% to 80% of sleep at night; occurs when activity in the RAS is inhibited
NREM (Non Rapid Eye Movement) Sleep
Sleep usually recurs about every 90 minutes; last 5 to 40 minutes; most dreams take place during this type of sleep
REM (Rapid Eye Movement)
The complete sleep cycle usually last between ____ to ____ minutes in adults
90; 110
True or False The duration of NREM and REM sleep varies throughout the sleep period
True
True or False People with adequate amounts of sleep tend to become emotionally irritable, possess poor concentration and find it difficult to make decisions
False, inadequate
Sleep 16 to 18 hours daily; irregular sleep patterns with periods of 1 to 3 hours awake; enter REM sleep immediately; spend equal amounts of time in both REM/NREM
Newborns
Half of sleep time is spent in light sleep; wake up every 3 to 4 hours to eat; at 6 months, most sleep through the night, need 14 to 15 hours of sleep daily
Infants
Need 12 to 14 hours of sleep; fears and nightmares are common;
Toddlers (1 to 3 years old)
Requires 11 to 13 hours of sleep; dislikes bedtime; may become restless and irritable if needs of sleep not met; wake up frequently during night
Preschooler (3 to 5 years old)
Requires 10 to 13 hours of sleep;
School Age Children (5 to 12 years old)
Needs 9 to 10 hours of sleep; lack of sleep may result in lower grades and negative moods; circadian rhythms tend to shift; time during which boys experience nocturnal emissions
Adolescents (12 to 18 years old)
Require 7 to 9 hours of sleep;
Adults
Wake up 1.3 hours earlier; go to bed 1 hour earlier; wake up an average of 6 times a night; increase in disturbed sleep;
Older adults (65 to 75 years old)
Total time the individual sleeps
Quantity of sleep
Determined by whether a person wakes up refreshed or not
Sleep quality
Illness; Environment; Lifestyle; Emotional Stress; Stimulants and Alcohol; Diet; Smoking; Motivation; Medications;
Factors affecting sleep
True or false People who are ill require more sleep than normal
True
Inability to fall asleep or remain asleep; sufferers awaken not feeling rested; most common sleep complaint in United States
Insomnia
Conditions where individuals get adequate sleep, but can’t stay awake during the day; can be caused by medial conditions
Hypersomnia
Excessive day time sleepiness; caused by lack of hypocretin; Individuals have “sleep attacks” or day time sleepiness; sleep cycle usually begins with REM
Narcolepsy
Frequent short pauses in breath during sleep; symptoms include snoring, waking up a night frequently, morning headaches; ranges from 10 seconds to 2 minutes; occurs during both REM/NREM; ranges from 50 to 600 a night
Sleep Apnea
Three common types of sleep apnea include
Obstructive, central and mixed
Amount of sleep most Americans believe is adequate to maintain optimal daytime performance
6.8 hours
Behavior that may interfere with sleep; may occurring during sleep
Parasomnia
Procedure where electrodes are placed on scalp to record brain waves
Electroencephalogram
Procedure where electrodes are placed on the outer canthus of each eye to record eye movement
Electro-oculogram
Procedure where electrodes are placed on the chin to record structural electromyogram
electromyogram
Interventions used to promote sleep
Sleep hygiene
