Chapter 45

Question 1

An altered state of consciousness in which the individual’s perception of and reaction to the environment is decreased; characterized by minimal physical activity variable level of consciousness, changes in physiological processes and decreased responsiveness to external stimuli

Answer 1

Sleep

Question 2

True or False The cyclical nature of sleep is thought to be controlled by centers located in the lower part of the brain

Answer 2

True

Question 3

_________ ___________ refers to the basic organization of normal sleep

Answer 3

Sleep architecture

Question 4

Sleep is divided into four stages; represents 75% to 80% of sleep at night; occurs when activity in the RAS is inhibited

Answer 4

NREM (Non Rapid Eye Movement) Sleep

Question 5

Sleep usually recurs about every 90 minutes; last 5 to 40 minutes; most dreams take place during this type of sleep

Answer 5

REM (Rapid Eye Movement)

Question 6

The complete sleep cycle usually last between ____ to ____ minutes in adults

Answer 6

90; 110

Question 7

True or False The duration of NREM and REM sleep varies throughout the sleep period

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True or False People with adequate amounts of sleep tend to become emotionally irritable, possess poor concentration and find it difficult to make decisions

Answer 8

False, inadequate

Question 9

Sleep 16 to 18 hours daily; irregular sleep patterns with periods of 1 to 3 hours awake; enter REM sleep immediately; spend equal amounts of time in both REM/NREM

Answer 9

Newborns

Question 10

Half of sleep time is spent in light sleep; wake up every 3 to 4 hours to eat; at 6 months, most sleep through the night, need 14 to 15 hours of sleep daily

Answer 10

Infants

Question 11

Need 12 to 14 hours of sleep; fears and nightmares are common;

Answer 11

Toddlers (1 to 3 years old)

Question 12

Requires 11 to 13 hours of sleep; dislikes bedtime; may become restless and irritable if needs of sleep not met; wake up frequently during night

Answer 12

Preschooler (3 to 5 years old)

Question 13

Requires 10 to 13 hours of sleep;

Answer 13

School Age Children (5 to 12 years old)

Question 14

Needs 9 to 10 hours of sleep; lack of sleep may result in lower grades and negative moods; circadian rhythms tend to shift; time during which boys experience nocturnal emissions

Answer 14

Adolescents (12 to 18 years old)

Question 15

Require 7 to 9 hours of sleep;

Answer 15

Adults

Question 16

Wake up 1.3 hours earlier; go to bed 1 hour earlier; wake up an average of 6 times a night; increase in disturbed sleep;

Answer 16

Older adults (65 to 75 years old)

Question 17

Total time the individual sleeps

Answer 17

Quantity of sleep

Question 18

Determined by whether a person wakes up refreshed or not

Answer 18

Sleep quality

Question 19

Illness; Environment; Lifestyle; Emotional Stress; Stimulants and Alcohol; Diet; Smoking; Motivation; Medications;

Answer 19

Factors affecting sleep

Question 20

True or false People who are ill require more sleep than normal

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Inability to fall asleep or remain asleep; sufferers awaken not feeling rested; most common sleep complaint in United States

Answer 21

Insomnia

Question 22

Conditions where individuals get adequate sleep, but can’t stay awake during the day; can be caused by medial conditions

Answer 22

Hypersomnia

Question 23

Excessive day time sleepiness; caused by lack of hypocretin; Individuals have “sleep attacks” or day time sleepiness; sleep cycle usually begins with REM

Answer 23

Narcolepsy

Question 24

Frequent short pauses in breath during sleep; symptoms include snoring, waking up a night frequently, morning headaches; ranges from 10 seconds to 2 minutes; occurs during both REM/NREM; ranges from 50 to 600 a night

Answer 24

Sleep Apnea

Question 25

Three common types of sleep apnea include

Answer 25

Obstructive, central and mixed

Question 26

Amount of sleep most Americans believe is adequate to maintain optimal daytime performance

Answer 26

6.8 hours

Question 27

Behavior that may interfere with sleep; may occurring during sleep

Answer 27

Parasomnia

Question 28

Procedure where electrodes are placed on scalp to record brain waves

Answer 28

Electroencephalogram

Question 29

Procedure where electrodes are placed on the outer canthus of each eye to record eye movement

Answer 29

Electro-oculogram

Question 30

Procedure where electrodes are placed on the chin to record structural electromyogram

Answer 30

electromyogram

Question 31

Interventions used to promote sleep

Answer 31

Sleep hygiene