Chapter 18

Question 1

Care that is centered on the client’s cultural perspective and integrates the client’s values and beliefs into the care plan.

Answer 1

Culturally Responsive Care

Question 2

The “thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious or social groups.” Includes nonverbal language and material goods.”

Answer 2

Culture

Question 3

Usually composed of people who have a distinct identity and yet are related to a larger cultural group; Generally share ethnic origin or physical characteristics with the larger cultural group.

Answer 3

Subculture

Question 4

Used to describe a person who has dual patterns of identification and crosses two cultures, lifestyles, and sets of values.

Answer 4

Bicultural

Question 5

Things passed down from previous generations

Answer 5

Heritage

Question 6

Refers to the fact or state of being different; Include: sex, age, culture, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, religious affiliation, etc; Occurs not only between cultural groups but also within a cultural group.

Answer 6

Diversity

Question 7

Discovered that humans are 99.9% genetically alike; Genetic variations related to geographic ancestry do not correlate with the socially constructed racial classifications.

Answer 7

Human Genome Project

Question 8

Often interchangeably used with race; may be viewed as a relationship between individuals who believe that they have distinctive characteristics that make them a group; not a fixed concept; may shift over time.

Answer 8

Ethnicity

Question 9

Often used interchangeably with ethnicity or citizenship; generally refers to the sovereign state of country where one has membership, which may be through birth, inheritance (parents) or naturalization.

Answer 9

Nationality

Question 10

A system of beliefs, practices and ethical values about divine or superhuman power worshipped as the creator(s) and ruler(s) or the universe. Provides a frame of reference and a perspective with which to organize information.

Answer 10

Religion

Question 11

Belief in the superiority of one’s own culture and lifestyle. Other viewpoints are not only consider different, but also wrong or of lesser importance.

Answer 11

Ethnocentrism

Question 12

A preconceived notion or judgement that is not based on sufficient knowledge; may be favorable or unfavorable; may lead to stereotyping.

Answer 12

Prejudice

Question 13

Assumptions held about racial groups.

Answer 13

Racism

Question 14

The differential and negative treatment of individuals on the basis of their race, ethnicity, gender or other group membership.

Answer 14

Discrimination

Question 15

The uneven access by group membership to resources, status, and power resulting from policies and practices of organizations and institutions.

Answer 15

Institutional Discrimination

Question 16

System of advantage based on race where racial prejudice is combined with social power to implement racist policies and practices.

Answer 16

Institutional Racism

Question 17

Statements about common cultural patterns.

Answer 17

Generalizations

Question 18

Making the assumption that an individual reflects all characteristics associated with begin a member of that group.

Answer 18

Stereotyping

Question 19

The differences in care experienced by one population compared with another population. Two major factors contributing to health disparities are inadequate access to care and substandard quality of care.

Answer 19

Health Disparities

Question 20

Occurs when people incorporate traits from another culture.

Answer 20

Acculturation

Question 21

Process by which an individual develops the new cultural identity of the members of the dominant culture. Encompasses various aspects including behavioral, marital, identification and civic.

Answer 21

Assimilation

Question 22

Focuses on providing care within the differences and similarities of the beliefs, values and patters of cultures.

Answer 22

Transcultural Nursing

Question 23

Lifelong process in which the nurse continuously strives to achieve the ability and availability to work effectively within the cultural context of a client. Consist of five constructs: desire, awareness, knowledge, skills and encounters.

Answer 23

Cultural Competence

Question 24

Customs, beliefs or practices that have existed for many generations without changing.

Answer 24

Traditional

Question 25

Health and illness are controlled by supernatural forces; client’s may believe that illnesses are the result of “being bad”; getting well is also dependent on the will of the “creator”

Answer 25

Magico-Religious Health Belief

Question 26

Belief that life is controlled by physical and biochemical processes that can be manipulated by humans. Believes that illness is caused by germs, bacteria, viruses or the breakdown of the body; expects a pill, treatment or surgery to cure health problems.

Answer 26

Scientific / Biomedical Health Belief

Question 27

Forces of nature must be maintained in balance or harmony. When the natural balance or harmony is disturbed, illnesses result.

Answer 27

Holistic Health Belief

Question 28

Those beliefs and practices relating to illness prevention and healing that derive from cultural traditions rather than from modern medicine’s scientific base.

Answer 28

Folk Medicine

Question 29

Converts written material from one language into another

Answer 29

Translator

Question 30

Transforms the message expressed in a source language into its equivalent into a target language. Serves as “cultural broker”.

Answer 30

Interpreter

Question 31

Can include the use of silence, touch, eye movement, facial expression and other body posture.

Answer 31

Nonverbal communication