Chapter 18 Flashcards
Care that is centered on the client’s cultural perspective and integrates the client’s values and beliefs into the care plan.
Culturally Responsive Care
The “thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious or social groups.” Includes nonverbal language and material goods.”
Culture
Usually composed of people who have a distinct identity and yet are related to a larger cultural group; Generally share ethnic origin or physical characteristics with the larger cultural group.
Subculture
Used to describe a person who has dual patterns of identification and crosses two cultures, lifestyles, and sets of values.
Bicultural
Things passed down from previous generations
Heritage
Refers to the fact or state of being different; Include: sex, age, culture, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, religious affiliation, etc; Occurs not only between cultural groups but also within a cultural group.
Diversity
Discovered that humans are 99.9% genetically alike; Genetic variations related to geographic ancestry do not correlate with the socially constructed racial classifications.
Human Genome Project
Often interchangeably used with race; may be viewed as a relationship between individuals who believe that they have distinctive characteristics that make them a group; not a fixed concept; may shift over time.
Ethnicity
Often used interchangeably with ethnicity or citizenship; generally refers to the sovereign state of country where one has membership, which may be through birth, inheritance (parents) or naturalization.
Nationality
A system of beliefs, practices and ethical values about divine or superhuman power worshipped as the creator(s) and ruler(s) or the universe. Provides a frame of reference and a perspective with which to organize information.
Religion
Belief in the superiority of one’s own culture and lifestyle. Other viewpoints are not only consider different, but also wrong or of lesser importance.
Ethnocentrism
A preconceived notion or judgement that is not based on sufficient knowledge; may be favorable or unfavorable; may lead to stereotyping.
Prejudice
Assumptions held about racial groups.
Racism
The differential and negative treatment of individuals on the basis of their race, ethnicity, gender or other group membership.
Discrimination
The uneven access by group membership to resources, status, and power resulting from policies and practices of organizations and institutions.
Institutional Discrimination
System of advantage based on race where racial prejudice is combined with social power to implement racist policies and practices.
Institutional Racism
Statements about common cultural patterns.
Generalizations
Making the assumption that an individual reflects all characteristics associated with begin a member of that group.
Stereotyping
The differences in care experienced by one population compared with another population. Two major factors contributing to health disparities are inadequate access to care and substandard quality of care.
Health Disparities
Occurs when people incorporate traits from another culture.
Acculturation
Process by which an individual develops the new cultural identity of the members of the dominant culture. Encompasses various aspects including behavioral, marital, identification and civic.
Assimilation
Focuses on providing care within the differences and similarities of the beliefs, values and patters of cultures.
Transcultural Nursing
Lifelong process in which the nurse continuously strives to achieve the ability and availability to work effectively within the cultural context of a client. Consist of five constructs: desire, awareness, knowledge, skills and encounters.
Cultural Competence
Customs, beliefs or practices that have existed for many generations without changing.
Traditional
Health and illness are controlled by supernatural forces; client’s may believe that illnesses are the result of “being bad”; getting well is also dependent on the will of the “creator”
Magico-Religious Health Belief
Belief that life is controlled by physical and biochemical processes that can be manipulated by humans. Believes that illness is caused by germs, bacteria, viruses or the breakdown of the body; expects a pill, treatment or surgery to cure health problems.
Scientific / Biomedical Health Belief
Forces of nature must be maintained in balance or harmony. When the natural balance or harmony is disturbed, illnesses result.
Holistic Health Belief
Those beliefs and practices relating to illness prevention and healing that derive from cultural traditions rather than from modern medicine’s scientific base.
Folk Medicine
Converts written material from one language into another
Translator
Transforms the message expressed in a source language into its equivalent into a target language. Serves as “cultural broker”.
Interpreter
Can include the use of silence, touch, eye movement, facial expression and other body posture.
Nonverbal communication
