Chapter 34 Flashcards
Diagnostic Testing Phases
Pretest (client preparation), Intratest (specimen collection, performing / assisting with diagnostic testing) and Post-Test (nursing care of the client and follow up activities / observations)
Puncture of a vein for collection of a blood specimen; can be performed by various members of health care team
Venipuncture
Person who performs venipuncture, usually collects specimen for the tests ordered by the primary care provider
Phlebotomist
Includes hemoglobin and hematrocrit measurements, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, red blood cell indices and differential white cell count
Complete Blood Count
Main intracellular protein of erythrocytes (red blood cells); iron containing protein that transports oxygen
Hemoglobin
Measures the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume
Hematocrit
Number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter of whole blood
Red Blood Cell Count
Condition where chronic hypoxia may develop higher than normal red blood cell count
Polycythemia
Determines the number of circulating white blood cells per cubic millimeter of whole blood
Leukocyte / White Blood Cell Count
Routinely ordered for any client admitted to a hospital as a screening test for electrolyte and acid-base imbalance
Serum Electrolytes
Two metabolically produced substances routinely used to evaluate renal function
Urea and creatinine
Produced in relatively constant quantities by the muscles and is excreted by the kidneys
Creatinine
Measured as Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
Urea
____ ____ indicates the highest concentration of the drug in the blood serum; ______ _______ represents the lowest concentration of the drug in the blood serum
Peak level; trough level
Measurement of the solute concentration of the blood
Serum osmolality
Test for occult blood
Guaiac test
Excessive amount of fat in the stool
Steatorrhea
Most frequently performed fecal test
Fecal Occult Blood Testing (FOBT)
Substance used in a chemical reaction to detect a specific substance
Reagent
Collection of urine specimens for routine urinalysis
Clean voided urine specimens
Collection of urine specimens for urine culture
Clean-catch or midstream urine specimens
Collection of urine specimens for variety of test that depend on the client’s specific health problem
Timed urine specimens
Indicator of urine concentration or the amount of solutes present in the urine
Specific gravity
Product of the breakdown of fatty acids
Ketones
Measure to the solute concentration of urine that is a more exact measurement of urine concentration than specific gravity
Urine Osmolality
Mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi and trachea
Sputum
Clear liquid secreted by the salivary glands in the mouth; sometimes referred to as “spit”
Saliva
Blood in the sputum
Hemoptysis
Viewing the anal canal
Anoscopy
Viewing of the rectum
Proctoscopy
Viewing of the rectum and sigmoid colon
Proctosigmoidoscopy
Viewing of the large intestine
Colonoscopy
An X-ray of the _____ / _______ / _________ is commonly referred to as a KUB
Kidneys; Ureters; Bladder
A lighted instrument inserted through the urethra
Cystoscope
Provides a graphic recording of the heart’s electrical activity
Electrocardiography
Uses ECG to assess the client’s response to an increased cardiac workload during exercise
Stress Electrocardiography
Non invasive test that uses ultrasound to visualize the structures of the heart and evaluate left ventricular function
Echocardiogram
Painless, non invasive x ray procedure that has the unique capability of distinguishing minor differences in the density of tissues
Computed Tomography
Non invasive diagnostic scanning technique in which the client is placed in a magnetic field; commonly used to visualize the brain, spine, limbs and joints, heart, blood vessels, abdomen and pelvis
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Non invasive radiologic study that involves the injection or inhalation of a radioisotope
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Withdrawal of fluid that has abnormally collected or to obtain a specimen
Aspiration
Removal and examination of tissue
Biopsy
Condition in which a large amount of fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity
Ascites
Removal of excess fluid or air to ease breathing
Thoracentesis
