Chapter 44

Question 1

Viennese School

Answer 1

Includes Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and Schubert because they were in their prime of their career in Vienna, all of these great composers were in the same city at the same time, they all interacted with each other

Question 2

Neoclassical architecture

Answer 2

architecture based off of classical Rome

Question 3

Sonata form

Answer 3

expansion of rounded binary form used for fast first movements of a classical sonata, quartet, or symphony

Question 4

Transition

Answer 4

Also called a bridge, modulation between the tonic and the new key in sonata form

Question 5

Exposition

Answer 5

the A section, the primary thematic material of the movement is exposed

Question 6

Development

Answer 6

The B section, the themes of the exposition are developed in some fashion, full of counterpoint and rapid modulations

Question 7

Retransition

Answer 7

end of the development, tonal stability returns

Question 8

Recapitulation

Answer 8

revisiting of A but not an exact repeat

Question 9

Coda

Answer 9

optional add on to sonata form, adds weight to the end of the movement to make it feel as if it concludes

Question 10

Rondo

Answer 10

A = refrain, and contrasting material = B, C, D, needs at least 2 contrasting materials, playful mood, used as last movement of sonata or symphony

Question 11

Divertimento

Answer 11

a lighter style of music and a 5-movement format, fast/minuet, trio/slow/minuet, trio/fast

Question 12

Serenade

Answer 12

wasn’t written in this time period, the publishers renamed pieces as serenade but that’s not what the composer wrote, same as divertimento

Question 13

Harmonie

Answer 13

independent wind band, late 18th century in Vienna, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, royalty had their own harmonie, more people heard this ensemble than orchestra, there were competitions between harmonie ensembles

Question 14

Harmoniemusic

Answer 14

music for Harmonie

Question 15

Sonata

Answer 15

domestic instrumental chamber music in 2-4 movements for soloist or small ensemble

Question 16

Sonatina

Answer 16

easy and short sonata

Question 17

Who wrote for Haromonies?

Answer 17

Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven

Question 18

What is ternary form?

Answer 18

ABA, A begins and end in I, B carries it to a closely related key, strict ternary was used for the 3rd movements of string quartets and symphonies, varied ternary was used in the slower movements

Question 19

What is theme and variation form?

Answer 19

T, V1, V2, V3, contrast is between harmony, texture, and rhythm

Question 20

What are the 5 principal instrumental genres of this period?

Answer 20

Symphony, concerto, divertimento, sting quartet, and sonata

Question 21

Explain the Symphony

Answer 21

replaced the solo concerto and the concerto grosso in the 18th century

Question 22

Explain the Concerto

Answer 22

concerto grosso disappeared, only solo concerto, piano concertos were very popular

Question 23

Explain the Divertimento

Answer 23

performed inside and outside, shorter, not a strict form, included strings and/or winds

Question 24

Explain the String Quartet

Answer 24

both a genre and an ensemble, same as symphony with different instrumentation, private performances, Haydn brought it to its first maturity

Question 25

Explain the sonata

Answer 25

Usually just 3 movements, Beethoven’s sonatas were a lot more difficult than Mozart’s or Haydn’s because he wanted to show off his virtuosity, Beethoven wrote for a collaboration between soloist and pianist