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Music History > Chapter 31 > Flashcards

Chapter 31 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Giovanni Gabrieli contribute?

A

First composer to write with dynamics, first composer to use term sonata, and first composer to write pieces for specific instruments.

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2
Q

What are Gabrieli’s dates?

A

1554-1612

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3
Q

Where did Gabrieli spend most of his life?

A

Venice, Italy

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4
Q

What sorts of genres are associated with Gabrieli?

A

concerted motet

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5
Q

Name some works of Gabrieli and describe them.

A

In ecclesiis. This was a concerted motet that was written in 1612. It was written for three choirs.

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6
Q

Who influenced Gabrieli?

A

Lassus in Munich

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7
Q

Who did Gabrieli influence?

A

Schutz

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8
Q

What is meant by concerted motet?

A

a motet in stile concertato which means contrast

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9
Q

What is the differences between concerted motet and concerted madrigal?

A

The motet is a religious work while the madrigal is a secular work.

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10
Q

Which city is Schutz associated with?

A

Dresden, Germany

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11
Q

What are Schutz’s dates?

A

1585-1672

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12
Q

What genre is Schutz known for?

A

motet

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13
Q

What are Schutz’s contributions to the world?

A

He brought dramatic contrast to his motets. It switches textures often too. He also includes dynamics. Both the switch in texture and dynamic creates the dramatic contrast.

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14
Q

Name some pieces of Schutz and explain them.

A

Saul, Saul, was verfolgst du mich? It is a motet and it was written in 1650.

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15
Q

In the early Baroque, religious music in Rome generally falls into one of three distinct types. What are they?

A

Organ music, oratorios, and cantatas

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16
Q

What were Frescobaldi’s contributions?

A

He was known as one of the greatest organ composers in Europe in his time. He also would regularly improvise music for St. Peter’s basilica.

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17
Q

What were Frescobaldi’s dates?

A

1583-1643

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18
Q

What city was Frescobaldi associated with?

A

Rome

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19
Q

What genre is Frescobaldi known for?

A

Mass music for organ

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20
Q

Name a piece of Frescobaldi and explain it.

A

Fiori musicali (Mass for Sundays) was written in 1635. It includes the alternatim technique.

21
Q

What is the ordinary of the catholic mass?

A

The ordinary of the Mass are sung everyday of the year. They don’t change. They include Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus dei, and Ite, missa est.

22
Q

What is the proper of the catholic mass?

A

This are for special days of the year such as holidays. The text changes to fit that specific holiday. It includes Introit, Gradual, Alleluia, Sequence, Offertory, and Communion.

23
Q

What are the elements in a chamber cantata?

A

Cantatas text usually was about love and usually was Italian. It included recitatives and arias. Only required one voice and a basso continuo.

24
Q

What are the elements in an oratorio?

A

It includes solo voices singing arias, recitatives, and ariosos. Then commentary and summary are presented by a chorus. No sets or costumes or acting. Text was either Latin or the vernacular language. Text was focused on a story in the Old Testament. There is a narrator.

25
Q

How long is a cantata?

A

8-20 minutes

26
Q

How long is an oratorio?

A

over an hour

27
Q

What composers composed cantatas?

A

Scarlatti and Carissimi and Strozzi

28
Q

What composers composed oratorios?

A

Carissimi

29
Q

What were Carissimi’s dates?

A

1605-1674

30
Q

What were Scarlatti’s dates?

A

1660-1725

31
Q

What is an example of a cantata?

A

Oh di Betlemme, written by Scarlatti in 1700

32
Q

What is an example of an oratorio?

A

Jepthe, written by Carissimi in 1648

33
Q

What did Scarlatti contribute?

A

He perfected the da capo aria.

34
Q

What is a da capo aria?

A

It has only one stanza of text but put to two different melodies. It has an ABA form.

35
Q

What are Strozzi’s dates?

A

1619-1677

36
Q

What genre did Strozzi mainly compose?

A

cantatas

37
Q

What did Strozzi contribute?

A

She tended to write for the soprano voice. She wrote 8 books in all.

38
Q

Name a piece of music Strozzi composed.

A

L’Amante Segreto: Voglio morire which was written in 1651 and is a cantata.

39
Q

Basilica of St. Mark

A

chapel of the Doge so it was used for both state and religious festivals, Evangelist Mark’s bones are thought to be buried there.

40
Q

cori spezzati

A

music for 2-4 choirs placed in different parts of the building. They were normally in elevated galleries in the chapel. It created a multiphonic surround sound. Instrumentalists would go in these elevated galleries too.

41
Q

stile concertato

A

Baroque music that uses a grand scale and strong contrast. This could be with an instrument and a voice or with multiple choirs/ensembles

42
Q

stile consitato

A

agitated style, created by splitting up longer pitches into many shorter notes on the same pitch

43
Q

chamber cantata

A

a cantata performed before a select audience in a private residence, intimate vocal chamber music, principally of the Baroque era

44
Q

cantata

A

the primary genre of vocal chamber music in the baroque era

45
Q

basso ostinato

A

bassline that repeats through the whole piece

46
Q

chaconne

A

originally a separate and distinct bass melody, but during the 17th century the term came to mean almost any repeating bass pattern of short duration

47
Q

lament bass

A

a tetrachord that repeats over and over again through the whole piece

48
Q

Kapellmeister

A

German chief of music at court

49
Q

Thirty Years’ War

A

(1618-1648) between the Protestants and the Catholics over political control in central Europe, series of declared and undeclared wars

Music History (26 decks)

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