Chapter 44

Question 1

What are the 4 types of multi-drug resistant organisms

Answer 1

MRSA-methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
VRE-vancomycin resistant enterococcus
ESBLs-organisms producing extended spectrum beta lactamases
KPC-organisms producing Klesiella pneumoniae carbapenemase

Question 2

What type of infection is VRE typically seen in

Answer 2

UTI

Question 3

ESBLs are resistant to what

Answer 3

Beta lactam antibiotics and aztreonam

Question 4

Due to the resistant of ESBLs against carbapenems what multi drug resistant organism developed

Answer 4

KPC- Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase

Question 5

Can aminoglycosides be given orally

Answer 5

No, poor absorption

Question 6

T/F aminoglycosides are not very potent so there is not much worry about toxicity

Answer 6

False. Very potent, serious toxicity can occur

Question 7

T/F antibiotics are bactericidal

Answer 7

True. They kill bacteria

Question 8

Do aminoglycosides kill gram negative or positive

Answer 8

Mostly Negative

Question 9

What route is neomycin sulfate given

Answer 9

Topical

Question 10

What route is gentamicin given

Answer 10

Injection, topical, eye drops

Question 11

Is gentamicin ever given prophylactically before surgery

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Can gentamicin be given during pregnancy

Answer 12

No

Question 13

What are the 2 serious toxicities of amino-glycosides

Answer 13

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity

Question 14

What can you do to prevent toxicity with antibiotics

Answer 14

Draw blood to check serum levels before giving next dose

Question 15

Can nephrotoxicity from aminoglycosides be reversed

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

Can ototoxicity from aminoglycosides be reversed

Answer 16

No

Question 17

What is the minimum inhibitory concentration

Answer 17

Lowest amount of drug needed to kill a standard amount of bacteria

Question 18

What is time dependent killing

Answer 18

The antibiotic must be taken for the full amount of days prescribed because some antibiotics take many days to do their job

Question 19

What it concentration dependent killing

Answer 19

When the level that kills the bacteria is above the minimum inhibitory concentration

Question 20

Should the serum level of the antibiotic be higher, the same, or lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration

Answer 20

Higher

Question 21

What is the post antibiotic effect

Answer 21

Period where bacteria growth is suppressed after stopping antibiotics

Question 22

What interaction do aminoglycosides have with warfarin

Answer 22

Increase warfarin’s effects

Question 23

What interaction do loop diuretics have with aminoglycosides

Answer 23

Increase risk for ototoxicity

Question 24

What is another name for quinolones

Answer 24

Fluroquinolones

Question 25

What reduces the absorption of quinolones

Answer 25

Antacids, calcium, magnesium, iron

Question 26

What is best route of absorption for quinolones

Answer 26

Oral

Question 27

Are quinolones effectives against gram negative or positive

Answer 27

Both

Question 28

Can quinolones be given to children under 18

Answer 28

No

Question 29

What MSK effect can quinolones have on children

Answer 29

Effects Cartilage development

Question 30

What MSK effect can quinolones have on the elderly

Answer 30

Tendon rupture

Question 31

Can ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin treat typhoid fever

Answer 31

Ciprofloxacin

Question 32

What interaction do quinolones have with warfarin

Answer 32

Increase warfarin’s effects

Question 33

What is the standard for giving quinolones for someone with an enteral feeding tube

Answer 33

Stop feed for an hour, give med, start feed after an hour

Question 34

What are the 5 systems that can experience adverse effects from quinolones

Answer 34

Central nervous GI Integumentary: rash, etc MSK: ruptured tendon Ear: tinnitus, hearing impairment

Question 35

Does clindamycin treat bone infections

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

What is an adverse effect of clindamycin

Answer 36

Pseudomembranous colitis: C diff

Question 37

Does clindamycin treat gram negative or positive

Answer 37

Positive

Question 38

What is it called when metronidazole interacts with alcohol

Answer 38

Disulfiram reaction: extremely ill

Question 39

What is the protocol for alcohol consumption when taking metronidazole

Answer 39

Take 24 hours before alcohol or 36 hours after alcohol

Question 40

What type of organism does metronidazole treat

Answer 40

Protozoa

Question 41

What type of infection is vancomycin used to treat

Answer 41

MRSA

Question 42

Does vancomycin treat gram negative or positive

Answer 42

Positive

Question 43

What are 2 serious toxicities that vancomycin can cause

Answer 43

Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity

Question 44

What are the two types of antibiotics that can cause Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity

Answer 44

Aminoglycosides Vancomycin

Question 45

With what antibiotic can Red Man Syndrome occur

Answer 45

Vancomycin

Question 46

What causes Red Man Syndrome

Answer 46

When the IV vancomycin is infused too quickly

Question 47

What is the minimum length of time that vancomycin needs to be infused over

Answer 47

At least 60 mins

Question 48

What drug does vancomycin interact with

Answer 48

Neuromuscular blockers, enhances them

Question 49

Before giving any antibiotics what test do you need to obtain

Answer 49

Culture & Sensitivity