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251 Final > Chapter 44 > Flashcards

Chapter 44 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of multi-drug resistant organisms

A

MRSA-methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
VRE-vancomycin resistant enterococcus
ESBLs-organisms producing extended spectrum beta lactamases
KPC-organisms producing Klesiella pneumoniae carbapenemase

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2
Q

What type of infection is VRE typically seen in

A

UTI

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3
Q

ESBLs are resistant to what

A

Beta lactam antibiotics and aztreonam

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4
Q

Due to the resistant of ESBLs against carbapenems what multi drug resistant organism developed

A

KPC- Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase

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5
Q

Can aminoglycosides be given orally

A

No, poor absorption

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6
Q

T/F aminoglycosides are not very potent so there is not much worry about toxicity

A

False. Very potent, serious toxicity can occur

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7
Q

T/F antibiotics are bactericidal

A

True. They kill bacteria

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8
Q

Do aminoglycosides kill gram negative or positive

A

Mostly Negative

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9
Q

What route is neomycin sulfate given

A

Topical

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10
Q

What route is gentamicin given

A

Injection, topical, eye drops

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11
Q

Is gentamicin ever given prophylactically before surgery

A

Yes

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12
Q

Can gentamicin be given during pregnancy

A

No

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13
Q

What are the 2 serious toxicities of amino-glycosides

A

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity

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14
Q

What can you do to prevent toxicity with antibiotics

A

Draw blood to check serum levels before giving next dose

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15
Q

Can nephrotoxicity from aminoglycosides be reversed

A

Yes

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16
Q

Can ototoxicity from aminoglycosides be reversed

A

No

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17
Q

What is the minimum inhibitory concentration

A

Lowest amount of drug needed to kill a standard amount of bacteria

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18
Q

What is time dependent killing

A

The antibiotic must be taken for the full amount of days prescribed because some antibiotics take many days to do their job

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19
Q

What it concentration dependent killing

A

When the level that kills the bacteria is above the minimum inhibitory concentration

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20
Q

Should the serum level of the antibiotic be higher, the same, or lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration

A

Higher

21
Q

What is the post antibiotic effect

A

Period where bacteria growth is suppressed after stopping antibiotics

22
Q

What interaction do aminoglycosides have with warfarin

A

Increase warfarin’s effects

23
Q

What interaction do loop diuretics have with aminoglycosides

A

Increase risk for ototoxicity

24
Q

What is another name for quinolones

A

Fluroquinolones

25
Q

What reduces the absorption of quinolones

A

Antacids, calcium, magnesium, iron

26
Q

What is best route of absorption for quinolones

A

Oral

27
Q

Are quinolones effectives against gram negative or positive

A

Both

28
Q

Can quinolones be given to children under 18

A

No

29
Q

What MSK effect can quinolones have on children

A

Effects Cartilage development

30
Q

What MSK effect can quinolones have on the elderly

A

Tendon rupture

31
Q

Can ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin treat typhoid fever

A

Ciprofloxacin

32
Q

What interaction do quinolones have with warfarin

A

Increase warfarin’s effects

33
Q

What is the standard for giving quinolones for someone with an enteral feeding tube

A

Stop feed for an hour, give med, start feed after an hour

34
Q

What are the 5 systems that can experience adverse effects from quinolones

A

Central nervous
GI
Integumentary: rash, etc
MSK: ruptured tendon
Ear: tinnitus, hearing impairment

35
Q

Does clindamycin treat bone infections

A

Yes

36
Q

What is an adverse effect of clindamycin

A

Pseudomembranous colitis: C diff

37
Q

Does clindamycin treat gram negative or positive

A

Positive

38
Q

What is it called when metronidazole interacts with alcohol

A

Disulfiram reaction: extremely ill

39
Q

What is the protocol for alcohol consumption when taking metronidazole

A

Take 24 hours before alcohol or 36 hours after alcohol

40
Q

What type of organism does metronidazole treat

A

Protozoa

41
Q

What type of infection is vancomycin used to treat

A

MRSA

42
Q

Does vancomycin treat gram negative or positive

A

Positive

43
Q

What are 2 serious toxicities that vancomycin can cause

A

Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity

44
Q

What are the two types of antibiotics that can cause Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity

A

Aminoglycosides
Vancomycin

45
Q

With what antibiotic can Red Man Syndrome occur

A

Vancomycin

46
Q

What causes Red Man Syndrome

A

When the IV vancomycin is infused too quickly

47
Q

What is the minimum length of time that vancomycin needs to be infused over

A

At least 60 mins

48
Q

What drug does vancomycin interact with

A

Neuromuscular blockers, enhances them

49
Q

Before giving any antibiotics what test do you need to obtain

A

Culture & Sensitivity

251 Final (13 decks)

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