Chapter 38 Flashcards
What are the 2 diseases of the lower respiratory tract
COPD
Asthma
What is asthma
Narrowing of the airways
What is status asthmaticus
When an asthma attack is not controlled by medication
What is COPD
Chronic air flow limitation
Patients with COPD will display what two things
Hypoxia
Hypercapnia
What is chronic bronchitis
Cough and sputum for more than 3 months
COPD has trouble getting oxygen in and trouble getting
Carbon dioxide out
What do bronchodilators do
Relax bronchioles so they dilate
Bronchodilators that stimulate beta 1 and beta 2 receptors affect which organs
Beta 1: 1 Heart
Beta 2: 2 Lungs
When should Beta Adrenergic Agonists not be used for asthma and COPD
If there are issues with the heart (BETA 1)
What are the adverse effects of beta Adrenergic agonists
Epinephrine effects
If salbutamol is used too much you with get effects on which beta receptor
Beta 1: the heart
Salmeterol is always used with what
Glucocorticosteroid
How to anticholinergics treat lower respiratory disease
Acetylcholine causes constriction. Anticholinergics take over ACh receptor sites to cause dilation
What are the adverse effects of anticholinergics
DRY
How to xanthine derivatives work
Increase cAMP, dilation
Xanthine derivatives effect the lungs and what other organ
Heart
Why is theophylline dangerous
It has a narrow therapeutic range and can become toxic quickly
How do carbs and proteins play a role in theophylline levels
High carbs, low protein increase levels
Low carbs, high protein decrease levels
How do leukotriene receptor antagonists work
Leukotrienes cause inflammation so inhibiting them causes dilation
What do corticosteroids do for lower respiratory diseases
Anti inflammatory
How long does it take for corticosteroids to take effect
Several weeks
How can you prevent fungal infections from corticosteroid inhaled meds
Rinse mouth after administration
What happens if salbutamol is used too frequently
It looses its action to dilate the lungs and instead causes issues with the heart
