Chapter 43

Question 1

What are the two types of infections

Answer 1

Community acquired
Hospital acquired

Question 2

What is the difference between antiseptic and disinfectant

Answer 2

Disinfectant-kills the organism, used on non living, “cidal”
Antiseptic-inhibits organism growth, used on living

Question 3

What is empiric therapy

Answer 3

Treatment of infection before culture info is obtained

Question 4

What is definitive therapy

Answer 4

Tailored to treat organism identified by culture

Question 5

What is prophylactic therapy

Answer 5

Prevent infection before one even occurs

Question 6

What is a therapeutic response

Answer 6

Signs and symptoms of infection have improved

Question 7

What is a subtherapeutic response

Answer 7

Signs and symptoms of infection have not improved

Question 8

What is a superinfection

Answer 8

Reduced or eliminates the bodies natural flora

Question 9

What is pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 9

C diff

Question 10

What is a secondary infection

Answer 10

Infection occurs when someone already has an infection

Question 11

What are the two types of antibiotics most people are allergic to

Answer 11

Penicillins
Sulfonamides

Question 12

What are the 8 classes of antibiotics

Answer 12

Sulfonamides
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Macrolides
Quinolones
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines

Question 13

Are Sulfonamides often combined with another antibiotic

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Are Sulfonamides used for gram negative or positive

Answer 14

Both

Question 15

What type of infection due Sulfonamides typically treat

Answer 15

Uti

Question 16

Can Sulfonamides be used in pregnancy

Answer 16

No

Question 17

Can Sulfonamides be used in children

Answer 17

Yes except if younger than 2 months

Question 18

T/F antibiotics decrease efficacy of birth control pills

Answer 18

True

Question 19

With which antibiotics can crystalluria occur

Answer 19

Sulfonamides

Question 20

What are the 4 types of beta lactam antibiotics

Answer 20

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

Question 21

What do penicillin beta lactamase inhibitors do

Answer 21

Prevent the bacteria from destroying the penicillin

Question 22

Cross reactivity. If someone is allergic to penicillins they are also likely allergic to what

Answer 22

Cephalosporins

Question 23

What are the main side effects of taking antibiotics

Answer 23

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain

Question 24

Avoid taking oral penicillin with what

Answer 24

Caffeine, citrus, tomato juice, coka-cola

Question 25

Do cephalosporins work for gram negative or positive

Answer 25

Both

Question 26

If an antibiotic works for both gram negative and positive it is called

Answer 26

Broad spectrum

Question 27

If an antibiotic only works for gram negative OR gram positive it is called

Answer 27

Narrow spectrum

Question 28

What are first gen cephalosporins given for

Answer 28

Prophylactically before surgery

Question 29

Does cefoxitin or cefuroxime kill anaerobes

Answer 29

Cefoxitin

Question 30

Which cephalosporin crosses the blood brain barrier and is given once a day

Answer 30

Ceftriaxone

Question 31

T/F do not take cephalosporins with alcohol. Causes disulphiram reaction

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What type of antibiotic has the broadest spectrum

Answer 32

Carbapenems

Question 33

How many minutes must carbapenems be infused over

Answer 33

60 mins

Question 34

What type of antibiotics can cause seizure activity is not dosed properly

Answer 34

Carbapenems

Question 35

What type of antibiotic can treat Lyme disease, gonorrhea, and chlamydia

Answer 35

Macrolides

Question 36

Can tetracyclines be used in children

Answer 36

Not if younger than 8, binds to calcium in teeth and causes discolouration

Question 37

Can tetracyclines be used in pregnancy or breastfeeding

Answer 37

No due to teeth discolouration