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251 Final > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are analgesics

A

Pain medications

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2
Q

Do analgesics cause a loss of consciousness

A

No

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3
Q

What is somatic pain

A

Pain in the skin, tissue or skeleton

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4
Q

What is visceral pain

A

Pain in the internal organs

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5
Q

What is the name of the receptors that feel pain

A

Nociceptors

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6
Q

What is a pain threshold

A

Amount of stimulus needed to cause pain

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7
Q

What is pain tolerance

A

The amount of pain someone can handle

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8
Q

For pain to be chronic how long does it need to happen for

A

3-6 months

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9
Q

What is neuropathic pain

A

Pain from damage to blood vessels due to diabetes

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10
Q

What is an example of central pain

A

Bone pain

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11
Q

What are the 4 steps of pain

A

Transduction
Transmission
Perception
Modulation

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12
Q

What part of the spinal cord does the pain signal enter

A

Dorsal horn

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13
Q

If someone has a large amount of mu receptors in the dorsal horn then what level of pain is felt

A

Lower level of pain is felt

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14
Q

What is endogenous morphine

A

Morphine produced by the body caused by release of enkephalins and endorphins

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15
Q

If someone is opioid tolerant, what will need to be done to their dose

A

Increase the dose in order to have pain relief

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16
Q

What are adjuvant pain drugs

A

Drugs that assist opioids in lowering the level of pain

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17
Q

If an adjuvant is being used, what can be done to the dose of the opioid to decrease the risk of respiratory depression

A

Lower the dose of opioids

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18
Q

What are the 4 categories of adjuvant drugs

A

NSAIDS
Antidepressants
Anticonvulsants
Corticosteroids

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19
Q

How to opioids work

A

Bind to opiate receptors to relieve pain

20
Q

What are two mild opioids

A

Codeine
Hydrocodone

21
Q

What are examples of strong opioids

A

Morphine
Hydromorphone
Hydrochloride
Oxycodone
Meperidine
Fentanyl
Methadone

22
Q

Methadone is a strong opioid used for pain but it is also used for

A

Treatment for drug addiction

23
Q

What is the opioid ceiling effect

A

No matter how high you increase the dose the pain does not get better

24
Q

What are the three types of opioids

A

Agonist
Agonists antagonists
Antagonists

25
Q

What do opioid agonists do

A

Bind to opioid pain receptor in brain, decrease pain sensation

26
Q

What are opioid agonist antagonist

A

Bind to pain receptor, cause weaker response than full opioid agonists

27
Q

What do opioid antagonists do

A

Reverse the effects of opioids on the receptor

28
Q

What are two types of opioid antagonists

A

Narcan
Naloxone

29
Q

What is equinanalgesia

A

The ability to provide equivalent pain relief by calculating dose and what route to use

30
Q

Are nausea and itching a concern when taking opioids

A

No, it is not an allergic reaction it is an expected side effect of the med

31
Q

When should you never give an opioid

A

If the patient already has a low respiratory rate or is in respiratory distress

32
Q

What is an opioid physical dependence

A

Physiological adaptation of the body to the presence of the opioid

33
Q

What is psychological opioid dependence

A

Addiction. Craving for opioid and using the opioid for reasons other than pain relief

34
Q

After 2 weeks of opioid use an individual will experience withdrawal. How can this be minimized

A

Gradually reduce the dose. Taper

35
Q

Besides pain, what else can codeine be used for

A

Anti-tussive

36
Q

Is morphine or hydromorphone more potent

A

Hydromorphone

37
Q

1mg of Hydromorphone is equal to how much morphine

A

7mg

38
Q

What is a Percocet made up of

A

Acetaminophen 325, Oxycodone 5

39
Q

What organ does acetaminophen have the potential to damage the most

A

The liver

40
Q

What is the max daily dose of acetaminophen for a healthy adult vs liver disease/elderly

A

4g vs 2g

41
Q

What substance should acetaminophen not be mixed with

A

Alcohol due to harm to liver

42
Q

What is the antagonist for acetaminophen

A

Acetylcysteine

43
Q

What does acetylcysteine taste like

A

Rotten eggs

44
Q

What is an adverse effect of Feverfew

A

Increased bleeding

45
Q

What are the lab tests needed before giving opioids

A

ALP
ALT
GGT
AST
LDH

251 Final (13 decks)

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