Chapter 11

Question 1

What are analgesics

Answer 1

Pain medications

Question 2

Do analgesics cause a loss of consciousness

Answer 2

No

Question 3

What is somatic pain

Answer 3

Pain in the skin, tissue or skeleton

Question 4

What is visceral pain

Answer 4

Pain in the internal organs

Question 5

What is the name of the receptors that feel pain

Answer 5

Nociceptors

Question 6

What is a pain threshold

Answer 6

Amount of stimulus needed to cause pain

Question 7

What is pain tolerance

Answer 7

The amount of pain someone can handle

Question 8

For pain to be chronic how long does it need to happen for

Answer 8

3-6 months

Question 9

What is neuropathic pain

Answer 9

Pain from damage to blood vessels due to diabetes

Question 10

What is an example of central pain

Answer 10

Bone pain

Question 11

What are the 4 steps of pain

Answer 11

Transduction
Transmission
Perception
Modulation

Question 12

What part of the spinal cord does the pain signal enter

Answer 12

Dorsal horn

Question 13

If someone has a large amount of mu receptors in the dorsal horn then what level of pain is felt

Answer 13

Lower level of pain is felt

Question 14

What is endogenous morphine

Answer 14

Morphine produced by the body caused by release of enkephalins and endorphins

Question 15

If someone is opioid tolerant, what will need to be done to their dose

Answer 15

Increase the dose in order to have pain relief

Question 16

What are adjuvant pain drugs

Answer 16

Drugs that assist opioids in lowering the level of pain

Question 17

If an adjuvant is being used, what can be done to the dose of the opioid to decrease the risk of respiratory depression

Answer 17

Lower the dose of opioids

Question 18

What are the 4 categories of adjuvant drugs

Answer 18

NSAIDS
Antidepressants
Anticonvulsants
Corticosteroids

Question 19

How to opioids work

Answer 19

Bind to opiate receptors to relieve pain

Question 20

What are two mild opioids

Answer 20

Codeine
Hydrocodone

Question 21

What are examples of strong opioids

Answer 21

Morphine
Hydromorphone
Hydrochloride
Oxycodone
Meperidine
Fentanyl
Methadone

Question 22

Methadone is a strong opioid used for pain but it is also used for

Answer 22

Treatment for drug addiction

Question 23

What is the opioid ceiling effect

Answer 23

No matter how high you increase the dose the pain does not get better

Question 24

What are the three types of opioids

Answer 24

Agonist
Agonists antagonists
Antagonists

Question 25

What do opioid agonists do

Answer 25

Bind to opioid pain receptor in brain, decrease pain sensation

Question 26

What are opioid agonist antagonist

Answer 26

Bind to pain receptor, cause weaker response than full opioid agonists

Question 27

What do opioid antagonists do

Answer 27

Reverse the effects of opioids on the receptor

Question 28

What are two types of opioid antagonists

Answer 28

Narcan Naloxone

Question 29

What is equinanalgesia

Answer 29

The ability to provide equivalent pain relief by calculating dose and what route to use

Question 30

Are nausea and itching a concern when taking opioids

Answer 30

No, it is not an allergic reaction it is an expected side effect of the med

Question 31

When should you never give an opioid

Answer 31

If the patient already has a low respiratory rate or is in respiratory distress

Question 32

What is an opioid physical dependence

Answer 32

Physiological adaptation of the body to the presence of the opioid

Question 33

What is psychological opioid dependence

Answer 33

Addiction. Craving for opioid and using the opioid for reasons other than pain relief

Question 34

After 2 weeks of opioid use an individual will experience withdrawal. How can this be minimized

Answer 34

Gradually reduce the dose. Taper

Question 35

Besides pain, what else can codeine be used for

Answer 35

Anti-tussive

Question 36

Is morphine or hydromorphone more potent

Answer 36

Hydromorphone

Question 37

1mg of Hydromorphone is equal to how much morphine

Answer 37

7mg

Question 38

What is a Percocet made up of

Answer 38

Acetaminophen 325, Oxycodone 5

Question 39

What organ does acetaminophen have the potential to damage the most

Answer 39

The liver

Question 40

What is the max daily dose of acetaminophen for a healthy adult vs liver disease/elderly

Answer 40

4g vs 2g

Question 41

What substance should acetaminophen not be mixed with

Answer 41

Alcohol due to harm to liver

Question 42

What is the antagonist for acetaminophen

Answer 42

Acetylcysteine

Question 43

What does acetylcysteine taste like

Answer 43

Rotten eggs

Question 44

What is an adverse effect of Feverfew

Answer 44

Increased bleeding

Question 45

What are the lab tests needed before giving opioids

Answer 45

ALP ALT GGT AST LDH