Chapter 40- Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Question 1

__________ is seen more frequently in full-term than in premature infants, and in children with Down syndrome.

Answer 1

Pyloric stenosis

Question 2

__________ is often associated with esophageal atresia.

Answer 2

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 3

__________ permits the accumulation of toxins in the liver.

Answer 3

Wilson disease

Question 4

_________ involves ileum invagination into the cecum through the ileocecal valve.

Answer 4

Intussusception

Question 5

In jaundice of the newborn, ________ development is a possibility.

Answer 5

kernicterus

Question 6

Increased _________ in pregnant women may contribute to pyloric stenosis in their infants.

Answer 6

gastrin secretion

Question 7

Diabetes mellitus may be a complication of ________.

Answer 7

cystic fibrosis

Question 8

Stools are pale, bulky, greasy, and foul-smelling in __________.

Answer 8

gluten-sensitive enteropathy

Question 9

_________ is the result of faulty innervation of the colon.

Answer 9

Congenital aganglionic megacolon

Question 10

Protein synthesis is reduced in all tissues in __________ nutrition.

Answer 10

kwashiorkor

Question 11

Nutritional deficits associated with inadequate nurturing cause _________.

Answer 11

nonorganic FTT

Question 12

Stress and anoxia of the bowel wall in neonates result in __________.

Answer 12

necrotizing enterocolitis

Question 13

Congenital aganglionic megacolon is diagnosed by rectal manometry and rectal __________.

Answer 13

biopsy

Question 14

A pH probe will demonstrate a(n) ___________ in esophageal pH during a period of reflux.

Answer 14

decrease

Question 15

Cleft palate is frequently complicated by communication between the _________ and the ________ cavities.

Answer 15

paranasal sinuses and the middle ear

Question 16

_________ may be a complication of cystic fibrosis secondary to the passage of large stools.

Answer 16

Rectal prolapse

Question 17

Match the description with the alterations

Abscence of intramural ganglion cells in the enteric nerve plexuses

Answer 17

congenital aganglionic megacolon

Question 18

Match the description with the alterations

Acute onset of abdominal pain and distention

Answer 18

intussusception

Question 19

Match the description with the alterations

Thick, tarry plug obstructs the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Answer 19

meconium ileus

Question 20

Match the description with the alterations

Many initally present with diarrhea

Answer 20

congenital aganglionic megacolon

Question 21

Match the description with the alterations

Food regurgitation

Answer 21

esophageal atresia

Question 22

Match the description with the alterations

May contribute to aspiration pneumonia

Answer 22

gastroesophageal reflux

Question 23

Match the description with the alterations

Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 23

gastroesophageal reflux

Question 24

Match the description with the alterations

“Currant jelly” stools

Answer 24

intussusception

Question 25

Match the description with the alterations

Enema may be treatment

Answer 25

meconium ileus and intussusception

Question 26

1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding cleft lip?
   a. Developmental anomaly of the first branchial arch
   b. Caused by single gene mutations
   c. Increased incidence in black populations
   d. Increased incidence in males

Answer 26

a. Developmental anomaly of the first branchial arch

Question 27

2. Which of the following is the name for the condition in which the esophagus ends in a blind pouch?
   a. Esophageal atresia
   b. Tracheoesophageal fistula
   c. Pyloric stenosis
   d. Malrotation

Answer 27

a. Esophageal atresia

Question 28

3. Which of the following is TRUE regarding pyloric stenosis?
   a. It is an uncommon disorder.
   b. The most common age is 6 months.
   c. It is more common in males.
   d. Asians are more commonly affected.

Answer 28

b. The most common age is 6 months.

Question 29

4. Which of the following diseases has been associated with meconium ileus?
   a. Cleft palette
   b. Sickle cell disease
   c. Cystic fibrosis
   d. Esophageal atresia

Answer 29

c. Cystic fibrosis

Question 30

5. A person has impacted feces and constipation. The physician states there are abnormalities of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix with absence of the Meissner and Auerbach plexuses. Which of the following diseases is characterized by this description?
   a. Pyloric stenosis
   b. Esophageal atresia
   c. Congenital aganglionic megacolon
   d. Tracheoesophageal fistula

Answer 30

c. Congenital aganglionic megacolon

Question 31

6. A 1-year-old is very irritable and is passing currant-jelly stools. Which of the following is the primary treatment for this condition?
   a. Surgery
   b. CT scan
   c. Barium or air enema
   d. Antibiotics

Answer 31

c. Barium or air enema

Question 32

7. Which of the following is NOT part of the triad of cystic fibrosis?
   a. Overproduction of mucus in the respiratory tract
   b. Pancreatic enzyme deficiency
   c. Abnormally elevated sodium and chloride concentrations
   d. Thin secretions

Answer 32

d. Thin secretions

Question 33

8. Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy?
   a. Early constipation
   b. Deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins
   c. Anemia
   d. Diminished growth

Answer 33

a. Early constipation

Question 34

9. Which of the following is the appropriate term for a severe deficiency of all nutrients?
   a. Kwashiorkor
   b. Marasmus
   c. Necrotizing enterocolitis
   d Gluten-sensitive enteropathy

Answer 34

b. Marasmus

Question 35

10. Which of the following is TRUE regarding physiologic jaundice of the newborn?
    a. Generally chronic in nature
    b. Occurs during the first week of life in full-term infants
    c. Caused by indirect bilirubin reading of greater than 20 mg/dl
    d. Caused by increased red cell breakdown

Answer 35

b. Occurs during the first week of life in full-term infants