Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patho Test 3-me > Chapter 36- Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function > Flashcards

Chapter 36- Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Flashcards

1
Q

Renal function tests include:

a. urinalysis
b. BUN and serum creatnine
c. SGOT/SGPT
d. Both a and b are correct

A

d. Both a and b are correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which substrate is an abnormal constituent of urine?

a. Urea
b. Glucose
c. Sodium chloride
d. Creatnine

A

b. Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The presence of albumin in the urine would indicate probable damage to:

a. glomeruli
b. renal colomns
c. collecting tubules
d. pyramids

A

a. glomeruli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Upper urinary tract obstruction:

a. can cause hydroureter
b. increases the force of detrusor contraction
c. predisposes an individual to hypotension
d. increases postvoid residual volume

A

a. can cause hydroureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Renal calculi may be composed of:

a. calcium
b. uric acid
c. cholesterol
d. All of the above are correct
e. Both a and b are correct

A

e. Both a and b are correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which is a characteristic of ureteral stones located in the renal pelvis?

a. pain radiating to the lower abdomen
b. urgency
c. incontinence
d. pain radiating to the groin

A

d. pain radiating to the groin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A common cause of bot pylonephritis and cystitis is:

a. urinary calculi
b. invading microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli
c. allergy reactions
d. heavy metals

A

b. invading microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Uremia exhibits:

a. polycythemia
b. electrolyte disorders
c. low plasma calcium levels
d. increased erythropoiesis

A

b. electrolyte disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which renal condition usually involves a history of recent infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci?

a. pyelonephritis
b. chronic renal failure
c. nephrosis
d. glomerulonephritis
e. calculi

A

d. glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The most common pathogenesis of cystitis, an infection, is acquired through/from:

a. an ascending or exogenous route
b. a hematogenous route
c. a bladder stone obstruction
d. pyelitis

A

a. an ascending or exogenous route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nephrotic syndrome is associated with _________ to plasma ___________.

a. increased glomerular permitability, urea
b. decreased glomerular permitability, proteins
c. decreased glomerular permitability, tubular filtrate
d. increased glomerular permitability, proteins

A

d. increased glomerular permitability, proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Causes of acute renal failure include:

a. cholecystitis
b. stones and strictures in kidneys and ureters
c. heart failure leading to poor renal perfusion
d. Both b and c are correct
e. a, b, and c are correct

A

d. Both b and c are correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypertension of nephrotic syndrome occurs because:

a. inflammation of glomeruli stimulates the secretion of renin, which elevates blood pressure
b. systemic hypoperfusion stimulates the secretion of renin, which elevates blood pressure
c. excessive angiotensin is secreted from the adrenal cortex during kidney disease
d. localized hypoperfusion of glomeruli stimulates renin secretion, which elevates blood pressure

A

d. localized hypoperfusion of glomeruli stimulates renin secretion, which elevates blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chronic kidney disease:

a. may result from hypertension
b. is usually the result of chronic inflammation of the kidney
c. may be treated with dialysis or transplants
d. all of the above are correct
e. both a and b are correct

A

d. all of the above are correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nephrotoxins such as the antibiotic may be responsible for:

a. acute tubular necrosis
b. acute glomerulonephritis
c. pyelonephritis
d. cystitis

A

a. acute tubular necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Uremia, as seen in chronic renal failure, would manifest:

a. metabolic acidosis
b. elevated BUN and creatinine
c. cardiovascular disturbances
d. All of the above are correct

A

d. All of the above are correct

17
Q

Hematuria in the absence of proteinuria indicates injury to the:

a. glomerulus
b. renal tubule
c. ureter
d. renal medulla

A

c. ureter

18
Q

In chronic renal failure, tubulointerstitial disease leads to:

a. sodium retention
b. sodium wasting
c. no significant changes in sodium levels
d. increased phosphate excretion

A

b. sodium wasting

19
Q

Frequent small voidings suggest:

a. CHF
b. prostatic hyperplasia
c. nephrotic syndrome
d. hepatic cirrhosis

A

b. prostatic hyperplasia

20
Q

Bacterial infection of kidney parenchyma is:

a. pyelitis
b. cystitis
c. pyelonephritis
d. pyuria
e. pyelonephrosis

A

c. pyelonephritis

21
Q

Which sign describes a patient in acute renal failure?

a. elevated serum creatinine
b. leukocytosis
c. low BUN
d. fever

A

a. elevated serum creatinine

22
Q

Lesions affecting spinal cord segments C2-S1 cause:

a. loss of detrusor contraction reflex
b. denervation of sphincter mechanisms
c. inharmonious coordination between detrusor and urethral muscles
d. detrusor overactivity and urinary incompetence

A

c. inharmonious coordination between detrusor and urethral muscles

23
Q

Match the etiology with the condition
Epithelial proliferation in capsular space
a. prerenal failure
b. postrenal failure
c. chronic glomerulonephritis
d. rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
e. pruritus

A

d. rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

24
Q 
Match the etiology with the condition
Hypovolemia
a. prerenal failure
b. postrenal failure
c. chronic glomerulonephritis
d. rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
e. pruritus
A

a. prerenal failure

25
Q 
Match the etiology with the condition
Hypovolemia
a. prerenal failure
b. postrenal failure
c. chronic glomerulonephritis
d. rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
e. pruritus
A

e. pruritus

26
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a determinant of severity for obstructive uropathy?
    a. Location of the blockage
    b. Degree of completeness of the blockage
    c. Type of blockage
    d. Duration of the blockage
A

c. Type of blockage

27
Q
  1. When deposition of excessive amounts of extracellular matrix occurs, what is this process called?
    a. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis
    b. Compensatory hypertrophy
    c. Obligatory growth
    d. Compensatory growth
A

a. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis

28
Q
  1. Which of the following is a risk factor for postobstructive diuresis?
    a. Unilateral obstruction
    b. Hypertension
    c. Dehydration
    d. Neurogenic diabetes insipidus
A

b. Hypertension

29
Q
  1. A stone is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
    a. Calcium
    b. Struvite
    c. Uric acid
    d. Indinavir
A

b. Struvite

30
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that are required before a stone is formed?
    a. Supersaturation of one of the salts
    b. Precipitation from a liquid to a solid
    c. Aggregation
    d. Low concentration of salt
A

d. Low concentration of salt

31
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a cause of lower urinary tract obstruction?
    a. Kidney stone
    b. Bladder neck dyssynergia
    c. Prostate enlargement
    d. Urethral stricture
A

a. Kidney stone

32
Q
  1. A person has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which of the following conditions is associated with this medical problem?
    a. Spinal cord injury
    b. Immune system dysfunction
    c. Congestive heart failure
    d. Renal carcinoma
A

a. Spinal cord injury

33
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a result of urodynamic testing?
    a. Quantifies severity of obstruction
    b. Determines bacterial cause of urinary tract infection
    c. Measures detrusor contraction strength
    d. Identifies the cause of urinary retention
A

b. Determines bacterial cause of urinary tract infection

34
Q
  1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding renal cell carcinoma?
    a. It is associated with TP53.
    b. Symptoms include hematuria.
    c. Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
    d. Granular cell tumors have better prognosis.
A

b. Symptoms include hematuria.

35
Q
  1. A person is complaining of abdominal and back pain. You have diagnosed bacteria in the urine. What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract?
    a. Cystitis
    b. Pyelonephritis
    c. Urinary tract infection
    d. Asymptomatic bacteriuria
A

b. Pyelonephritis

36
Q
  1. Which bacteria are the most common cause of urinary tract infections?
    a. Klebsiella
    b. Proteus
    c. Escherichia coli
    d. Staphylococcus
A

c. Escherichia coli

37
Q
  1. Several factors contribute to bacterial virulence within the urinary tract. Which of the following is NOT one of the factors?
    a. Fimbriae expression
    b. Sidophore production
    c. Mucous production
    d. Biofilm formation
A

c. Mucous production

38
Q
  1. With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
    a. E. coli
    b. Staphylococcus
    c. Group A Streptococcus
    d. Klebsiella
A

c. Group A Streptococcus

Patho Test 3-me (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions