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Patho Test 3-me > Chapter 28- Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children > Flashcards

Chapter 28- Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Flashcards

1
Q

The blood disorder of infancy and childhood caused by poor dietary iron intake:

a. a microcytic-hypochromic anemia
b. pernicious anemia
c. folate deficiency anemia
d. siderblastic anemia

A

a. a microcytic-hypochromic anemia

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2
Q

A first time pregnancy may initiate Rh sensitization in which conditions?

a. Rh positive mother, Rh negative fetus
b. Rh negative mother, Rh-positive fetus
c. Rh negative father, Rh positive mother
d. Rh negative father, Rh negative mother

A

b. Rh negative mother, Rh-positive fetus

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3
Q

Beta thalassemia is:

a. common among italians
b. an x linked recessive disorder
c. an autosomal dominant disorder
d. common in the chinese
e. both a & c are correct

A

a. common among italians

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4
Q

Sickle cell disease is an

a. autosomal dominant disorder
b. x linked recessive disorder
c. x linked dominant disorder
d. autosomal recessive disorder

A

d. autosomal recessive disorder

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5
Q

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purport (ITP) involves:

a. neutrophilic destruction
b. eosinophilic destruction
c. a platelet/antibody complex
d. thrombocytosis

A

c. a platelet/antibody complex

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6
Q

Which are associated with inherited thrombophilic conditions?

a. antithrombin III deficiency
b. Factor III deficiency
c. Decreased platelet adhesiveness
d. Both a & c are correct

A

a. antithrombin III deficiency

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7
Q

Which is the most likely cause of idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura:

a. Stress & fatigue
b. high levels of IgG on platelets
c. Prolonged occult bleeding
d. Viral sensitization

A

d. Viral sensitization

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8
Q

Hodgkin disease has:

a. extensive extranodal involvement
b. rare extra nodal involvement
c. painful cervical lymphadenopathy
d. a mediastinal mass

A

b. rare extra nodal involvement

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9
Q

In sickle cell disease, faso occlusive crisis is the result of:

a. damage to platelets due to IgG
b. the “plugging” of peripheral blood vessels by “stiff” sickled erythrocytes
c. the ingestion of sulfa drugs
d. sequestration of large numbers of erythrocytes in the spleen

A

b. the “plugging” of peripheral blood vessels by “stiff” sickled erythrocytes

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10
Q

Which factors may play a part in the development of childhood leukemia?

a. genetic predisposition
b. environmental factors
c. viral infections
d. radiation
e. all of the above

A

e. all of the above

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11
Q

Which characteristic is true about acute lymphocytic leukemia?

a. It is the most common childhood leukemia
b. it usually occurs in non white children
c. it is uniformly fatal
d. it is easily predicted through genetic testing

A

a. It is the most common childhood leukemia

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding fetal and adult hemoglobin?
    A. Fetal hemoglobin is composed of two α- and two γ-chains.
    B. Adult hemoglobin is composed of two α- and one γ-chain.
    C. Adult hemoglobin is HbF and HbA.
    D. Three of the embryonic hemoglobins are Gower 1, 2, and 3.
A

A. Fetal hemoglobin is composed of two α- and two γ-chains.

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13
Q
  1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding anemia in children?
    A. The most common cause is sickle cell disease.
    B. Anemia is the most common blood disorder in children.
    C. There is only one cause of hemolytic anemia.
    D. Children rarely present with iron deficiency anemia.
A

B. Anemia is the most common blood disorder in children.

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14
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding iron deficiency anemia?
    A. Whites are more commonly affected.
    B. Incidence is most common in those children older than 2 years.
    C. It is common in children due to their extremely high need for iron for normal growth.
    D. There is decreased risk in children of homeless women.
A

C. It is common in children due to their extremely high need for iron for normal growth.

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15
Q
  1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding iron deficiency?
    A. Splenomegaly is present in 90% of those affected.
    B. Hemoglobin of less than 5 g/dl may be accompanied by pallor.
    C. Hemoglobin of 10 g/dl is generally accompanied by tachycardia.
    D. Widening of sutures is an early sign of iron deficiency.
A

B. Hemoglobin of less than 5 g/dl may be accompanied by pallor.

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding maternal antibodies?
    A. Placental detachment does not result in fetal erythrocytes crossing the placenta.
    B. The first Rh-incompatible pregnancy usually presents with severe complications.
    C. Anti-Rh antibodies are formed only in the response to transfusion.
    D. ABO incompatibility can cause hemolytic disease without erythrocytes escaping maternal circulation.
A

D. ABO incompatibility can cause hemolytic disease without erythrocytes escaping maternal circulation.

17
Q 
6. Which of the following is the appropriate term for an alloimmune disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible?
A. Erythroblastosis fetalis
B. Hydrops fetalis
C. Icterus neonatorum
D. Icterus gravis neonatorum
A

A. Erythroblastosis fetalis

18
Q
  1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Coombs test?
    A. Indirect Coombs confirms the diagnosis of antibody-mediated hemolytic disease.
    B. Indirect Coombs measures antibodies to the mother’s circulation.
    C. Direct Coombs indicates if the fetus is at risk for hemolytic disease.
    D. Direct Coombs measures free antibodies
A

B. Indirect Coombs measures antibodies to the mother’s circulation.

19
Q
  1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding G6PD deficiency?
    A. Most commonly found in females
    B. Most common manifestation is polycythemia
    C. Associated with icterus neonatorum
    D. Associated with green bean ingestion
A

C. Associated with icterus neonatorum

20
Q
  1. Which of the following is associated with hereditary spherocytosis?
    A. Autosomal recessive trait
    B. 25% are new mutations
    C. Results in Heinz bodies
    D. Another name for this disease is kernicterus
A

B. 25% are new mutations

21
Q 
10. Which of the following terms describes a person with Hb(s) and another type of abnormal Hgb?
A. Sickle cell anemia
B. Sickle cell thalassemia
C. Sickle cell trait
D. Hereditary spherocytosis
A

B. Sickle cell thalassemia

22
Q
  1. Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding sickle cell disease?
    A. Sickle cell trait is the homozygous form of the disease.
    B. Sickle cell disease means a person has HbA genes.
    C. It is most common in European descent.
    D. It is an autosomal recessive disease.
A

D. It is an autosomal recessive disease.

23
Q 
12. Which of the following is the most common trigger for sickling?
A. Hypoxemia
B. Decreased hydrogen ions
C. Decreased plasma osmolality
D. High temperature
A

A. Hypoxemia

24
Q 
13. Which of the following is the appropriate term for a transient cessation in red blood cell production resulting in acute anemia?
A. Vaso-occlusive crisis
B. Aplastic crisis
C. Sequestration crisis
D. Hyperhemolytic crisis
A

B. Aplastic crisis

25
Q 
14. Which of the following hemophilias is autosomal recessive and is found equally in males and females?
A. Hemophilia A
B. Hemophilia B
C. Hemophilia C
D. von Willebrand disease
A

C. Hemophilia C

26
Q

True or False

During fetal life, the synthesized hemaglobin is composed of two alpha and two beta chains.

A

False

27
Q

True or False

Although a frequent problem, ABO incompatibility seldom results in significant disease.

A

True

28
Q

True or False

Sequestration crisis is a serious complication of sickle cell disease seen only in young child.

A

True

29
Q

True or False

RH incompatibility is a problem only of Rh-positive women bearing an Rh-negative fetus during a second pregnancy.

A

False

30
Q

True or False
Because hemostasis in the newborn is chiefly attained through the extrinsic pathway, serious bleeding in the newborn period is usually not a problem in hemophiliacs.

A

True

31
Q

True or False

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is a genetically transmitted disease.

A

False

32
Q

True or False
Leukemias are multifactorial diseases with genetic disposition, environment, and bacterial infections playing a role in their etiology.

A

False

33
Q 
Match the alteration/circumstance with the disorder
Urate precipates in renal tubules
a. leukemia
b. ITP
c. sickle cell disease
d. Rh incompatibility
e. hemophilia
A

a. leukemia

34
Q

Match the alteration/circumstance with the disorder
Antibody/cell complexes equester in the spleen
a. leukemia
b. ITP
c. sickle cell disease
d. Rh incompatibility
e. hemophilia

A

b. ITP

35
Q

Match the alteration/circumstance with the disorder
Sensitization is usually required before problems develop
a. leukemia
b. ITP
c. sickle cell disease
d. Rh incompatibility
e. hemophilia

A

e. hemophilia

36
Q

Match the alteration/circumstance with the disorder
May present early as symmetric, painful swelling of the hands and feet
a. leukemia
b. ITP
c. sickle cell disease
d. Rh incompatibility
e. hemophilia

A

c. sickle cell disease

37
Q

Match the alteration/circumstance with the disorder
May cause severe hemolysis during the newborn period
a. leukemia
b. ITP
c. sickle cell disease
d. Rh incompatibility
e. hemophilia

A

d. Rh incompatibility

38
Q 
Match the alteration/circumstance with the disorder
May result in aplastic crises
a. leukemia
b. ITP
c. sickle cell disease
d. Rh incompatibility
e. hemophilia
A

c. sickle cell disease

39
Q

Match the alteration/circumstance with the disorder
May result in hydrops fetalis or fetal death
a. leukemia
b. ITP
c. sickle cell disease
d. Rh incompatibility
e. hemophilia

A

d. Rh incompatibility

Patho Test 3-me (10 decks)

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