Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patho Test 3-me > Chapter 35- Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 35- Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Flashcards

1
Q

The functional unit of the human kidney is the:

a. nephron
b. collecting tubule (duct)
c. major calyx
d. minor calyx
e. pyramid

A

a. nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

One feature of the renal blood circulation that makes it unique is that :

a. blood flows from arterioles into venues
b. blood flows form venues into arterioles
c. there is a double set of venues
d. there are two sets of capillaries

A

d. there are two sets of capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following has the opposite effect on urine production from the others

a. decreased solutes in blood
b. decreased blood pressure
c. increased in ambient temperature
d. dehydration
e. reduced water consumption

A

a. decreased solutes in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A relatively high blood pressure in the glomerulus of the kidney is maintained because:

a. the afferent arteriole arises from the aruate artery
b. the efferent arteriole is larger than the interlobular artery
c. the glomerulus is constricted
d. the afferent arteriole is larger than the efferent arteriole
e. ADH from the anterior pituitary causes vasoconstriction of the renal arteries

A

d. the afferent arteriole is larger than the efferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
If the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron, what would be the next (effective) filtration pressure
Glomerular blood hydrostatic = 80 mmHg
Glomerular blood osmotic = 20 mmHg
Capsular hydrostatic = 30 mmHg
a. 40 mmHg
b. 30 mmHg
c. 20 mmHg
d. 10 mmHg
A

b. 30 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The capillaries of the glomerulus differ from other capillary networks in the body because they:

a. have larger area of anastomosis
b. branch from and drain into arterioles
c. lack endothelium
d. force filtrate from the blood

A

b. branch from and drain into arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the kidney:

a. water volume control
b. blood pressure control
c. urine storage
d. conversion of vitamin D to an active form

A

c. urine storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Potassium is secreted and reabsorbed by:

a. Bowman’s capsule
b. the proximal convoluted tubule
c. the loop of Henle
d. collecting ducts

A

b. the proximal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The primary receptors sensitive to the oncotic pressure of blood are found in the

a. kidney cortex
b. kidney medulla
c. hypothalamus
d. juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

c. hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Water reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate initially enters (the):

a. afferent arterioles
b. efferent arterioles
c. Bowman’s capsule
d. glomerulus
e. vasa recta

A

e. vasa recta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Plasma contains a much greater concentration of ____ than the glomerular filtrate:

a. sodium
b. protein
c. urea
d. creatinine

A

b. protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

An increase in water permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct is due to:

a. a decrease in the production of antidiuretic hormone
b. an increase in the production of antidiuretic hormone
c. a decrease in blood plasma osmolality
d. an increase in water content within tubular cells
e. none of the above

A

b. an increase in the production of antidiuretic hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The descending loop of the nephron allows:

a. sodium secretion
b. potassium secretion
c. hydrogen ion secretion
d. sodium diffusion inward

A

d. sodium diffusion inward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of the following pressures affect net glomerular filtration?

a. blood osmotic pressure opposes capsular hydrostatic and blood hydrostatic pressures
b. blood hydrostatic pressure opposes capsular hydrostatic and blood oncotic pressures
c. capsular hydrostatic pressure opposes blood osmotic and blood hydrostatic pressures
d. none of the above is correct

A

b. blood hydrostatic pressure opposes capsular hydrostatic and blood oncotic pressures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tubular secretion is accomplished in the:

a. glomerulus
b. urethra
c. renal pelvis
d. distal convoluted tubule
e. none of the above

A

d. distal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion differ in that:

a. secretion adds material to the filtrate; reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate
b. secretion is a passive process; reabsorption is an active transport process
c. reabsorption tends to increase urine volume; secretion tends to decrease urine volume
d. secretion adds materials to the blood; reabsorption removes materials from the blood

A

a. secretion adds material to the filtrate; reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate

17
Q

The kidneys perform which function?

a. conserve H+, HCO-3
b. Conserve NH4
c. Eliminate H+, NH4
d. Eliminate amino acids

A

c. Eliminate H+, NH4

18
Q

If a small person excretes about 1 L of urine during a 24 hour period, estimate the total amount of glomerular filtration has been accomplished?

a. 4L
b. 10 L
c. 18 L
d. 100 L

A

d. 100 L

19
Q

Which of the following should not appear in the glomerular filtrate (in any significant quantity) just after the process of glomerular filtration has been accomplished?

a. protein
b. urea
c. glucose
d. both a & b are correct

A

a. protein

20
Q

Loop of Henle is to vasa recta as convoluted tubules are to:

a. afferent arterioles
b. peritubular capillaries
c. efferent arterioles
d. renal arteries

A

b. peritubular capillaries

21
Q

The two “currents” used in the countercurrent exchange system are the:

a. afferent and efferent arterioles
b. glomerulus and glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
c. ascending and descending limbs
d. proximal and distal tubules
e. all of the above

A

c. ascending and descending limbs

22
Q

The countercurrent exchange system:

a. prevents water reabsorption from the collecting duct
b. concentrates sodium in the renal cortex
c. facilitates osmosis
d. concentrates chloride in the renal cortex
e. none of the above

A

c. facilitates osmosis

23
Q

As ambient temperature increases, what usually happens to the volume of urine production?

a. no effect at all
b. either more or less, depending on other factors
c. more urine output
d. less urine output

A

d. less urine output

24
Q

A waste product of protein metabolism is:

a. pepsinogen
b. trypsin
c. amino acid
d. urea
e. urine

A

d. urea

25
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT one of the three kinds of nephrons?
    a. Superficial cortical nephrons
    b. Midcortical nephrons
    c. Juxtamedullary nephrons
    d. Glomerular nephrons
A

d. Glomerular nephrons

26
Q
  1. In the distal tubule, which cells reabsorb sodium and water but secrete potassium?
    a. Distal cells
    b. Proximal cells
    c. Principal cells
    d. Intercalated cells
A

c. Principal cells

27
Q
  1. Which muscle lies between the two openings of the ureter and urethra?
    a. Micturition
    b. Detrusor
    c. Trigone
    d. Urethra
A

c. Trigone

28
Q
  1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding renal blood flow?
    a. The kidneys are highly vascular organs and receive 1000 to 1200 ml of blood per minute.
    b. The kidneys receive 50% of cardiac output.
    c. The GFR is not related to renal blood flow.
    d. No autoregulation is found in renal blood flow.
A

a. The kidneys are highly vascular organs and receive 1000 to 1200 ml of blood per minute.

29
Q
  1. A person experiences hypotension. Which of the following enzymes is primarily released?
    a. Renin
    b. Angiotensin I
    c. Angiotensin II
    d. Angiotensin III
A

a. Renin

30
Q
  1. What is the appropriate term for when fluid moves from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma?
    a. Ultrafiltration
    b. Tubular reabsorption
    c. Tubular secretion
    d. Excretion
A

b. Tubular reabsorption

31
Q
  1. Which substance controls final urine concentration?
    a. Antidiuretic hormone
    b. Renin
    c. Angiotensin I
    d. Urea
A

a. Antidiuretic hormone

32
Q
  1. Which of the following is a correct finding in a normal urinalysis?
    a. pH <5
    b. Dark yellow urine
    c. Specific gravity 1.016 to 1.022
    d. Two to five red blood cells
A

c. Specific gravity 1.016 to 1.022

Patho Test 3-me (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions