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Patho Test 3-me > Chapter 38 - Structure and Function of the Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 38 - Structure and Function of the Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

The muscularis of the gastrointestinal tract is:

a. skeletal muscle throughout the tract, particularly in the esophagus and large intestine.
b. the layer that contains the blood capillaries for the entire wall of the tract.
c. composed particularly of keratinized epithelium.
d. composed of circular fibers and longitudinal fibers.

A

d. composed of circular fibers and longitudinal fibers

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2
Q

The digestive functions performed by the saliva and salivary amylase, respectively are:

a. moistening and protein digestion
b. deglutition and fat digestion.
c. peristalsis and polysaccharide dissection
d. lubrication and carbohydrate digestion.

A

d. lubrication and carbohydrate digestion

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3
Q

The nervous pathway involved in salivary secretion requires the stimulation of:

a. receptors in the taste buds, impulses to the motor cortex, and somatic motor impulse to salivary glands.
b. receptors in the mouth, sensory impulses to a center in the brainstem, and parasympathetic impulses to salivary glands.
c. taste receptors, sensory impulses to centers in the brainstem, and somatic motor impulses to salivary glands.
d. pressoreceptors in the blood vessels, motor impulses, and autonomic impulses to salivary glands.

A

b. receptors in the mouth, sensory impulses to a center in the brainstem, and parasympathetic impulses to salivary glands

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4
Q

Food would pass rapidly from the stomach onto the duodenum if it were not for the :

a. fundus
b. epiglottis
c. rugae
d. cardiac sphincter
e. pyloric sphincter

A

e. pyloric sphincter

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5
Q

The secretion of gastric juice:

a. occurs when the stomach comes in contact with swallowed food.
b. is entirely under the control of the hormone gastrin.
c. is entirely under the control of the hormone enterogastrone.
d. is stimulated by the presence of saliva in the stomach.
e. occurs in three phases: cephalic, gastric, and intestinal

A

e. occurs in three phases: cephalic, gastric, and intestinal

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6
Q

During nervous control of gastric secretion, the gastric glands secrete before food enters the stomach. This stimulus to the glands comes from:

a. gastrin
b. impulses over somatic nerves from the hypothalamus.
c. motor impulses from the cerebral cortex and cerebellum.
d. parasympathetic impulses over the vagus nerve.

A

d. parasympathetic impulse over the vagus nerve

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7
Q

Pepsinogen:

a. must be activated by HCl
b. is secreted by the chief cells
c. is important in the breakdown of proteins
d. All of the above are correct.

A

d. All of the above are correct

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8
Q

Beginning at the lumen, the sequence of layers of the gastrointestinal tract is:

a. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
b. submucosa, mucosa, serous membrane, muscularis
c. submucosa, mucosa, muscularis, skeletal muscle
d. serous membrane, muscularis, mucosa, submucosa

A

a. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

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9
Q

Normally, when chyme leaves the stomach:

a. the nutrients are ready for absorption into the blood.
b. the amount of inorganic salts has been increased by the action of hydrochloric acid.
c. its pH is neutral
d. the proteins have been partly digested

A

d. the proteins have been partly digested

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10
Q

Which layer of the small intestine includes microvilli?

a. sumucosa
b. mucosa
c. muscularis
d. serosa

A

b. mucosa

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11
Q

Which of the following is not an example of mechanical digestion?

a. chewing
b. churning and mixing of food in the stomach
c. peristalsis and mastication
d. conversion of protein molecules into amino acids

A

d. conversion of protein molecules into amino acids

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12
Q

Pancreatic juice is to trypsin as gastric juice is to:

a. salivary amylase
b. pepsin
c. mucin
d. intrinsic factor

A

b. pepsin

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13
Q

Which part of the small intestine is most distal from the pylorus?

a. jejunum
b. pyloric sphincter
c. duodenum
d. cardiac sphincter
e. common bile duct

A

a. jejunum

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14
Q

The pancreas:

a. lies mostly on the left side of the abdominal cavity, anterior to the stomach and the spleen.
b. secretes all of its products freely into the blood stream
c. is a slender flattened gland with its duct ultimately opening into the duodenum.
d. contains cells with endocrine function for the determination of secondary sex characteristics.
e. is classified as a digestive exocrine gland that does not have endocrine function.

A

c. is a slender flattened gland with its duct ultimately opening into the duodenum

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15
Q

The chief role played by the pancreas in digestion is to :

a. secrete insulin and glucagon.
b. churn the food and bring it into contact with digestive enzymes.
c. secrete enzymes that digest food in the small intestine.
d. assist in absorbing the digested food.

A

c. secrete enzymes that digest food in the small intestine

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16
Q

Among the structural features of the small intestine are villi, microvilli, and circular folds. Their function is to :

a. liberate hormones.
b. promote peristalsis.
c. liberate digestive enzymes
d. increase the surface area for absorption

A

d. increase the surface area for absorption

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17
Q

The fate of carbohydrates in the small intestine is:

a. digestion by amylase, sucrase, maltase, and lactase to monosaccharides.
b. conversion of simple sugars by the activity of trypsin and lipase.
c. hydrolysis of amino acids by the activity of amylase, sucrase, maltase, and lactase.
d. conversion of glycerol and fatty acids by the activity of lipase and amylase

A

a. digestion by amylase, sucrase, maltase, and lactase to monosaccharides

18
Q

The absorptive fate of the end products of digestion may be summarized as:

a. most fatty acids are absorbed into the blood; glucose and amino acids are absorbed into the lymphatic system.
b. amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed into blood capillaries; most fatty acids are absorbed into lymph.
c. amino acids and fatty acids are absorbed into the lymph capillaries; glycerol and glucose are absorbed into the blood capillaries.
d. fatty acids are absorbed into blood capillaries; glycerol, glucose, and amino acids are absorbed into lymph.

A

b. amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed into blood capillaries; most fatty acids are absorbed into lymph

19
Q

A lobule of the liver contains a centrally located:

a. vein, with radiating hepatocytes and sinusoids
b. arteriole, with radiating capillaries and Kupffer’s cells.
c. hepatic sinus, with radiating sinusoids.
d. hepatic duct, with radiating Kupffer’s cells and cords of hepatic cells

A

a. vein, with radiating hepatocytes and sinusoids

20
Q

An obstruction of the common bile duct would cause the blockage of bile coming from:

a. the gallbladder.
b. the liver but no the gallbladder.
c. both the liver and the gallbladder.
d. the pancreatic duct but not the gallbladder.

A

c. both the liver and the gallbladder

21
Q

The human adult liver does not:

a. store glycogen
b. produce erythrocytes
c. convert ammonia to urea
d. produce blood coagulation proteins

A

b. produce erythrocytes

22
Q

The chyme that enters the large intestine is converted to feces by the activity of:

a. specific mucosal enzymes
b. gastric and duodenal hormones
c. bacteria and water reabsorption
d. the microvilli, villi, and circular muscles

A

c. bacteria and water reabsorption

23
Q

The pyloric gland mucosa in the stomach antrum synthesizes and releases the hormone ______ from G cells

A

gastrin

24
Q

Total serum bilirubin is normally less than ______.

A

1.0 mg/dl

25
Q

Aging is associated with a greater frequency of ______ infection.

A

Helicobacter pylori

26
Q
  1. Which of the following organs is NOT part of the alimentary or GI tract?
    a. Mouth
    b. Esophagus
    c. Stomach
    d. Liver
A

d. Liver

27
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT one of the three salivary glands?
    a. Thyroid
    b. Submandibular
    c. Sublingual
    d. Parotid
A

a. Thyroid

28
Q
  1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding salivation?
    a. Salivation is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system.
    b. Cholinergic fibers stimulate the salivary glands.
    c. Atropine increases salivary secretion.
    d. ß-Adrenergic stimulation decreases salivary secretion.
A

b. Cholinergic fibers stimulate the salivary glands.

29
Q
  1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding salivation?
    a. Salivation is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system.
    b. Cholinergic fibers stimulate the salivary glands.
    c. Atropine increases salivary secretion.
    d. ß-Adrenergic stimulation decreases salivary secretion.
A

d. ß-Adrenergic stimulation decreases salivary secretion.

30
Q
  1. Which blood vessel provides blood to the stomach?
    a. Celiac artery
    b. Gastric artery
    c. Splenic artery
    d. Mesenteric artery
A

a. Celiac artery

31
Q
  1. Which of the following hormones is responsible for inhibition of the stomach contraction?
    a. Gastrin
    b. Motilin
    c. Secretin
    d. Cholecystokinin
A

c. Secretin

32
Q
  1. Which cells of the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?
    a. Parietal cells
    b. Chief cells
    c. G cells
    d. Enterochromaffin-like cells
A

a. Parietal cells

33
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of stomach acid?
    a. Dissolve food fibers
    b. Act as a bactericide
    c. Convert intrinsic factor into its active form
    d. Convert pepsinogen into pepsin
A

c. Convert intrinsic factor into its active form

34
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT part of the cephalic phase of gastric juice secretion?
    a. Smelling food
    b. Seeing food
    c. Tasting food
    d. Eating food
A

d. Eating food

35
Q
  1. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking the end amino acids away from the ingested protein?
    a. Trypsin
    b. Chymotrypsin
    c. Lipase
    d. Carboxypeptidases
A

d. Carboxypeptidases

36
Q
  1. Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving fatty acids from phospholipids?
    a. Cholesterol esterase
    b. Phospholipase
    c. Lipase
    d. Chylomicron
A

b. Phospholipase

37
Q
  1. When iron is being absorbed into the small bowel, to what protein is it bound in the epithelial cells?
    a. Transferrin
    b. Calcium phosphate
    c. Transcobalamin
    d. Ferritin
A

d. Ferritin

38
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT one of the four phases of digestion and absorption of fat?
    a. Emulsification and lipolysis
    b. Micelle formation
    c. Hydrolysis
    d. Fat absorption
A

c. Hydrolysis

39
Q
  1. Which cells of the liver store lipids?
    a. Hepatocytes
    b. Sinusoids
    c. Lipocytes
    d. Kupffer cells
A

c. Lipocytes

40
Q
  1. Which of the following is the appropriate description for unconjugated bilirubin?
    a. It is bilirubin that binds to albumin.
    b. It is found within the hepatocytes.
    c. It is found at the terminal end of the ileum and the colon.
    d. It is water soluble.
A

a. It is bilirubin that binds to albumin.

Patho Test 3-me (10 decks)

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