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Bio152 > Chapter 40 > Flashcards

Chapter 40 Flashcards

1
Q

In vertebrates, what is the fluid that allows for the movement of material into and out of cells and fills the space between cells?

A

Interstitial fluid

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2
Q

What are the four main tissue types?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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3
Q

What is the purpose of epithelial tissue?

A

It covers the areas outside the body and lines organs

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4
Q

List 6 types of connective tissue

A

Ligaments, tendons, bones, adipose, blood, cartilage

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5
Q

What is muscle tissue comprised of?

A

Actin and myosin

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6
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

Receives, processes, and transmits info quickly through body

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7
Q

What is the difference between nerves and hormones?

A

Hormones act slower than nerves and affect a region in the body. Nerves are quick and target specific areas.

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8
Q

Define homeostasis

A

The body maintaining natural equilibrium with its external environment; maintaining body temperature, pH, and glucose concentration

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9
Q

What is the difference between an endotherm and an ectotherm?

A

Endotherms produce their own body heat. The body heat of ectotherms is based on their environment.

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10
Q

What is torpor?

A

The state in which physical activity is low and metabolic rate decreases. Hibernation is an example of a long term state or torpor.

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11
Q

Cells in the connective tissue that secrete the protein of extracellular fibers

A

Fibroblast cells

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12
Q

Skeletal muscle is responsible for what type of movement?

A

Voluntary

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue found in the body?

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

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14
Q

Give an example of negative feedback

A

When you are thirsty, your control center is stimulated, tells you to drink water, and it’s negative because once you drink water you are not thirsty anymore so it stops.

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15
Q

Give an example of positive feedback

A

Childbirth. Changes in body that cause more change, like childbirth-contractions increase. Keeps going.

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16
Q

What part of the brain controls thermoregulation?

A

Hypothalamus

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17
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue and what is it made up of?

A

Transmits info to a specific area of the body. Contains neurons and glial cells.

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18
Q

Is rate of exchange proportional to a cell’s surface area?

A

Yes

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19
Q

Dendrites, cell body, and axon are components of?

A

A neuron

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20
Q

Neurons and glia are components of?

A

Nervous tissue

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21
Q

How is metabolic rate determined?

A

An animal’s heat loss
Amount of O2 consumed or CO2 produced
Measuring energy content of food consumed or energy lost in waste

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22
Q

Use light energy to build energy rich molecules

A

Autotrophs

23
Q

Obtain energy from food

A

Heterotrophs

24
Q

When the body adjusts metabolic heat production to maintain body temp. Can be increased by muscle activity.

A

Thermogenesis

25
Q

The flow and transformation of energy in an animal

A

Biogenetics

26
Q

What are 5 adaptations that help animals thermoregulate

A 
Insulation 
Circulatory adaptations 
Cooling by evaporative heat loss 
Behavioral responses 
Adjusting metabolic heat production
27
Q

What are the 4 processes of heat exchange?

A

Radiation
Evaporation
Convection
Conduction

28
Q

Name 3 parts of the integumentary system

A

Skin, hair, and nails

29
Q

The rate of exchange is proportional to what?

A

A cell’s surface area

30
Q

Binds and supports tissues; contains fibroblast and macrophage cells

A

Connective tissue

31
Q

Lines organs and cavities; cells are joined tightly together

A

Epithelial tissue

32
Q

Controls body movement, types are smooth, muscular, and cardiac

A

Muscle tissue

33
Q

Receives, processes, and transfers information. Information moves from dendrites to axons.

A

Nervous tissue

34
Q

Uses internal mechanisms to control internal change in the face of external fluctuation

A

Regulator

35
Q

Allows internal condition to vary with certain external changes

A

Conformer

36
Q

What are 3 things animals exchange with the environment?

A

Nutrients
Waste products
Gases

37
Q

How many organ systems are in mammals?

A

11

38
Q

What is the hierarchy like organization of the makeup of the body?

A

Cell-tissue-organ-organ system

39
Q

The process in which an animal adjusts to its external environment

A

Acclimatization

40
Q

The smaller the animal…

A

The higher the metabolic rate

41
Q

What is the main source of energy in animals?

A

ATP

42
Q

What irfan system are the kidneys part of?

A

Excretory

43
Q

Do tendons attach muscles to bones?

A

Yes

44
Q

Governs physiological changes that occur roughly every 24 hours

A

Circadian rhythm

45
Q

What type of animals generate heat by metabolism?

A

Endothermic

46
Q

Give examples of organisms that have direct exchange with the environment

A

Hydra, amoeba, algae

47
Q

What is the type of connective tissue that is found in tendons, connecting muscles to bones and ligaments, and connecting bones to joints?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

48
Q

What are the 3 elements that are suspended in plasma in blood and what are their functions?

A

1) erythrocytes-carry O2 through body
2) leukocytes- help to prevent or fight disease
3) platelets- help with coagulation of blood

49
Q

Name some factors that affect metabolic rate of a human

A

Age, size, temperature, sex, nutrition, activity

50
Q

When there is a break or cut on human skin, the area repairs itself by regeneration of cells. Which type of epithelial tissue is responsible?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

51
Q

Attached to bones by tendons

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

52
Q

Found in walls of heart

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

53
Q

Found in walls of internal organs, arteries

A

Smooth muscle tissue

54
Q

Epithelial tissue is considered polar, meaning there are 2 different surfaces. What are the 2 sides of the epithelium?

A

Apical and basal surface

Bio152 (12 decks)

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