Chapter 22 Flashcards
Do organisms evolve?
No, populations evolve over time
Human modification of species by selecting and breeding those with desired traits, as opposed to letting those traits occur naturally
Artificial selection
What does MRSA stand for?
Methicillin Resistant S Aureus
A pathogen which became resistant to antibiotics because the bacteria adapted to resist because of overuse
MRSA
Does natural selection create new traits?
No, it edits or selects traits already in the population
Similarity resulting from common ancestry. Give an example.
Homology. Example: bone structure of mammals-humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, phalanges
Structures which no longer serve a purpose, but did for bIological ancestors
Vestigial structures
Evolution of similar features in distinctly related groups. Give an example.
Convergent evolution. Example: similarities between sugar gliders and flying squirrels
Remains or traces of organisms from the past. Found in sedimentary rock-layers called strata
Fossils
What did Darwin collect and observe during his travels on the Beagle?
Collected specimens of South American plants and animals. Observed that fossils resembled living species from the same region, and living species resembled other species from nearby regions
A process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals
Natural selection
Give two examples that provide evidence for natural selection
1) response to introduced plant species
2) evolution of drug-resistant bacteria
Give an example of homologies at the molecular level
Genes shared among organisms inherited from a common ancestor
The scientific study of the geographic distribution of species. Provides evidence for evolution.
Biogeography
Evolution can be viewed as both a ___ and a ___
Pattern; process
Inhibits a protein used by bacteria to produce cell walls
Methicillin
Similarity because of a common ancestor
Homology
Gives evidence that species are extinct, new species emerg, and species change over time
Fossil record
Species that are not found anywhere else in the world. Give an example.
Endemic species. Example: kangaroos are only found in Australia
What was the name of the original continent
Pangaea
What were the 3 observations that Darwin had?
1) Unity of life
2) Diversity
3) Match between organisms and their environment
What are the 4 types of evidence for evolution?
1) Direct Observations
2) Homology
3) Fossil Record
4) Biogeography
Name an organism that continues to retain vestigial structures
Snakes, cave fish, lizards
What is the difference between analogous and homologous structures?
Analogous-share similar functions but not from common ancestry.
Homologous- different functions but share common ancestry
The increase in the evolution of drug-resistant pathogens is due to ___
Natural selection
Who was the scientist who created paleontology?
Georges Cuvier
What were Lamarck’s two hypotheses of evolution?
1) use and disuse
2) inheritance of acquired characteristics
States that body parts of an organism that are used frequently become larger and more extensive while those not used will deteriorate.
Lamarck’s Use or disuse theory
States that an organism can pass utilized characteristics to their offspring
Lamarck’s Inheritance of acquired characteristics
Who was the founder of taxonomy
Linnaeus
Evolution= ___; the view that all organisms are related through descent from an ancestor that lived in the remote past
Descent with modification
Regarding natural selection, what happens if an environment changes over time?
Natural selection may result in adaptation to new conditions and new species may arise
Hypotheses about the relationships among different groups
Evolutionary trees
