Chapter 22

Question 1

Do organisms evolve?

Answer 1

No, populations evolve over time

Question 2

Human modification of species by selecting and breeding those with desired traits, as opposed to letting those traits occur naturally

Answer 2

Artificial selection

Question 3

What does MRSA stand for?

Answer 3

Methicillin Resistant S Aureus

Question 4

A pathogen which became resistant to antibiotics because the bacteria adapted to resist because of overuse

Answer 4

MRSA

Question 5

Does natural selection create new traits?

Answer 5

No, it edits or selects traits already in the population

Question 6

Similarity resulting from common ancestry. Give an example.

Answer 6

Homology. Example: bone structure of mammals-humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, phalanges

Question 7

Structures which no longer serve a purpose, but did for bIological ancestors

Answer 7

Vestigial structures

Question 8

Evolution of similar features in distinctly related groups. Give an example.

Answer 8

Convergent evolution. Example: similarities between sugar gliders and flying squirrels

Question 9

Remains or traces of organisms from the past. Found in sedimentary rock-layers called strata

Answer 9

Fossils

Question 10

What did Darwin collect and observe during his travels on the Beagle?

Answer 10

Collected specimens of South American plants and animals. Observed that fossils resembled living species from the same region, and living species resembled other species from nearby regions

Question 11

A process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals

Answer 11

Natural selection

Question 12

Give two examples that provide evidence for natural selection

Answer 12

1) response to introduced plant species

2) evolution of drug-resistant bacteria

Question 13

Give an example of homologies at the molecular level

Answer 13

Genes shared among organisms inherited from a common ancestor

Question 14

The scientific study of the geographic distribution of species. Provides evidence for evolution.

Answer 14

Biogeography

Question 15

Evolution can be viewed as both a ___ and a ___

Answer 15

Pattern; process

Question 16

Inhibits a protein used by bacteria to produce cell walls

Answer 16

Methicillin

Question 17

Similarity because of a common ancestor

Answer 17

Homology

Question 18

Gives evidence that species are extinct, new species emerg, and species change over time

Answer 18

Fossil record

Question 19

Species that are not found anywhere else in the world. Give an example.

Answer 19

Endemic species. Example: kangaroos are only found in Australia

Question 20

What was the name of the original continent

Answer 20

Pangaea

Question 21

What were the 3 observations that Darwin had?

Answer 21

1) Unity of life
2) Diversity
3) Match between organisms and their environment

Question 22

What are the 4 types of evidence for evolution?

Answer 22

1) Direct Observations
2) Homology
3) Fossil Record
4) Biogeography

Question 23

Name an organism that continues to retain vestigial structures

Answer 23

Snakes, cave fish, lizards

Question 24

What is the difference between analogous and homologous structures?

Answer 24

Analogous-share similar functions but not from common ancestry.

Homologous- different functions but share common ancestry

Question 25

The increase in the evolution of drug-resistant pathogens is due to ___

Answer 25

Natural selection

Question 26

Who was the scientist who created paleontology?

Answer 26

Georges Cuvier

Question 27

What were Lamarck’s two hypotheses of evolution?

Answer 27

1) use and disuse

2) inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 28

States that body parts of an organism that are used frequently become larger and more extensive while those not used will deteriorate.

Answer 28

Lamarck’s Use or disuse theory

Question 29

States that an organism can pass utilized characteristics to their offspring

Answer 29

Lamarck’s Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 30

Who was the founder of taxonomy

Answer 30

Linnaeus

Question 31

Evolution= ___; the view that all organisms are related through descent from an ancestor that lived in the remote past

Answer 31

Descent with modification

Question 32

Regarding natural selection, what happens if an environment changes over time?

Answer 32

Natural selection may result in adaptation to new conditions and new species may arise

Question 33

Hypotheses about the relationships among different groups

Answer 33

Evolutionary trees