Chapter 40-1 Flashcards
anatomy
biological form
physiology
biological function
convergent evolution
the shape found in vertebrates
fusiform
tapered on both ends (found
o Found in sharks, penguins, dolphins, and seals. This is an example of convergent evolution.
o All these animals are fast swimmers
interstitial fluid
found in spaces between cells in animals
• Link exchange surfaces to body cells
• Enables cells throughout body to obtain nutrients and get rid of wastes
Digestive system
o Main components: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, anus
o Functions: Food processing (ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination)
Circulatory system
o Main components: heart, blood vessels, blood
o Functions: internal distribution of materials
Respiratory System
o Main components: lung, trachea, other breathing tubes
o Functions: gas exchange (uptake of O2, disposal of CO2)
Immune and Lymphatic system
o Main components: bone marrow, lymph, thymus, spleen, lymph vessels
o Functions: body defense (fighting infections and cancer)
Excretory System
o Main components: kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
o Functions: disposal of metabolic wastes, regulation of osmotic balance of blood
Endocrine System
o Main components: pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, other hormone-secreting glands
o Functions: coordination of body activities (such as digestion and metabolism)
Reproductive System
o Main components: ovaries or testes etc.
o Function: reproduction
Nervous System
o Main components: brain, spinal chord, nerves, sensory organs
o Function: coordination of body activities; detection of stimuli and formulation of responses to them
Integumentary System
o Main components: skin and its derivatives
o Function: protection against mechanical injury, infection, dehydration, thermoregulation
Skeletal System
o Main components: skeleton (bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage)
o Functions: body support, protection of internal organs, movement
