Chapter 1 (Exam 1: Chap 1-10)

Question 1

Biosphere

Answer 1

All life on Earth and all places life exists

1. (Ex: land, bodies of water, altitude, sediment)

Question 2

Ecosystems

Answer 2

All living things in a particular area, along with the nonliving components with which life interacts like soil, water, atmospheric gases & light
1. (Ex: forests, grasslands, deserts, coral reefs)

Question 3

Communities

Answer 3

the array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem

1. (Ex: In the forest: trees plants, animals, fungi & microorganisms)
   a. Also the set of populations in a particular area

Question 4

Population

Answer 4

All individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specific area
1. (Ex: forest has a population of maple trees and deer)

Question 5

Organisms

Answer 5

individual living things

Question 6

Organ & Organ Systems

Answer 6

1. Organ: part of the body which carries out a specific function
   a. Consists of MULTIPLE TISSUES
2. Organ systems: team of organs that work together for a larger function

Question 7

Tissues

Answer 7

group of cells working together to perform a specialized function
1. (Ex: leaf tissue has pores in epidermis to allow entry of CO2 gas)

Question 8

Cells

Answer 8

life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

1. Single cells performs all the functions of life
2. Multicellular cells have a division of labor among specialized cells

Question 9

systems biology

Answer 9

exploration of the biological system by analyzing interactions among its parts

Question 10

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 10

contains membrane-enclosed organelles
• Some organelles are found in all cell types but others are specific to cell type
- Ex: chloroplasts only found in cells which undergo photosynth.

Question 11

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 11

single-celled microorganisms
• NO nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles
• Smaller than eukaryotic cells
• Ex: bacteria and archaea

Question 12

Gene

Answer 12

section of DNA on a chromosome
 Encodes information to build all molecules synthesized inside a cell
 Identifies cell IDENTITY and FUNCTION
 Genes can provide the blueprints for making proteins

Question 13

Gene expression

Answer 13

the process by which the info in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product

Question 14

Reductionism

Answer 14

reduces complex systems into simpler components which are easier to study

Question 15

Genome

Answer 15

the ‘library’ of genetic instructions inherited by an organism

Question 16

Genomics

Answer 16

the process in which researchers study whole sets of genes in one or more species at a time

Question 17

Proteomics

Answer 17

the study of sets of proteins and their properties

Question 18

Proteome

Answer 18

entire sets of proteins expressed by a given cell or group of cells

Question 19

Bioinformatics

Answer 19

the use of computational tools to store, analyze, and organize high volumes of data that comes from analyzing a bunch of biological samples at one time

Question 20

consumers

Answer 20

organisms that feed on producers and other consumers

Question 21

feedback regulation

Answer 21

when the output, or product, of a process regulates the process

Question 22

negative feedback

Answer 22

a loop in which the response reduces the initial stimulus

Question 23

positive feedback

Answer 23

End product speeds up is own production

Question 24

Organelles (#9)

Answer 24

functional components of cells