chapter 4- tissues part 2

Question 1

What is the most abundant and widespread tissue type?

Answer 1

connective tissue

Question 2

what are the functions of connective tissue?

Answer 2

surround and protect tissues
separate tissues/ organs
connects tissues
support
stores fat in bone marrow
stores minerals in bones
cushions and insulates
transports gases, nutrients, hormones, and waste
protects against MOs

Question 3

what are the three classifications of connective tissue cells ?

Answer 3

blasts- builds
cytes- maintains
clasts- break down

Question 4

what is the suffixs for bone and cartilage

Answer 4

bone= osteo
cartilage= chondro
fibrous tissue- fibro

Question 5

adipocytes

Answer 5

fat cells; large amount of lipids, nucleus at periphery. stores energy
(takes up almost the whole cell)

Question 6

mast cells

Answer 6

role in inflammation, contains heparin, causes allergies
(anticoagulant, prevents blood clotting)

Question 7

histamine

Answer 7

degranulates in response to injury

Question 8

WBC (leukocytes)

Answer 8

monocytes when found in blood
macrophages when found in tissues

Question 9

platelets

Answer 9

(thrombocytes)
clot blood with injury

Question 10

mesenchymal

Answer 10

undifferentiated
adult stem cells in the connective tissue
can become different cells

Question 11

pluripotent

Answer 11

specialize in response to injury

Question 12

extracellular matrix

Answer 12

non-living matrix of connective tissue

Question 13

what does the extracellular matrix consist of ?

Answer 13

ground substance (for support, holds water in tissues, hyaluronic acid, collagen, elastin)

Question 14

what does hyaluronic acid do

Answer 14

lubricant

Question 15

what is elastin?

Answer 15

stretch and recoil, can stretch and return to original shape

Question 16

what is the most abundant protein in the bod?

Answer 16

collagen - gives stability and known for strength

Question 17

what type of connective tissue gives rise to every other type in the body?

Answer 17

mesenchymal

Question 18

embryonic connective tissue

Answer 18

mesenchyme, consists of fibroblasts, develops in embryo
gives rise to ALL ct tissues
develops from mesoderm

Question 19

adult CT types

Answer 19

CT proper - loose
Dense CT - dense
supporting CT - cartilage
specialized - blood

Question 20

CT proper (loose)
areolar-

Answer 20

most widely distributed CT
forms membranes
surrounds organs
forms basement membrane in epithelium,
good for anchoring and strengthening

Question 21

Ct proper (loose)
adipose-

Answer 21

fat, under skin deep down
surrounds organs
non-living matrix inside cells
high amount found around kidneys, behind eyes, and mesenteric fat (stomach, breasts, butt)
consist of cells

Question 22

Ct proper (loose)
reticular-

Answer 22

supports organ structures
provides shape and maintains organs
thin spiderweb-like structures
has give

Question 23

Dense regular CT

Answer 23

tightly packed in same pattern; collagen fibers for tensile strength
seen in tendons and ligaments (not a lot of blood)

Question 24

Dense irregular CT

Answer 24

tightly packed collagen fibers in an uneven arrangement
has more give and resist tearing
strength is arguably better than regular dense.
found in dermis
joint capsules to resist tearing

Question 25

Elastic CT

Answer 25

dense tissue
more prevalent elastic- no collagen only elastic fibers
stretch and recoil
found in elastic arteries, vocal cords, and aorta

Question 26

cartilage

Answer 26

no blood supply, heals slowly

Question 27

hyaline cartilage

Answer 27

what becomes bone
major organic component is hyaluronic acid (where there is friction)
found on ends of bones, in rib cage, and nose

Question 28

elastic cartilage

Answer 28

elastic fibers, flexible
seen in external ear and epiglottis

Question 29

fibrocartilage

Answer 29

collage fibers
known for strength and flexibility
found in pubic symphysis, knee meniscus, intervertebral discs

Question 30

compact bone

Answer 30

hard.solid
stores calcium
broken bones allow fat loss

Question 31

spongey bone

Answer 31

trabeculae
found in bone marrow

Question 32

blood

Answer 32

produced in the bone marrow
RBC- carry O2 and CO2
WBC- eosinophils, basophils, etc.
Platelets in plasma- exploded cells

Question 33

what are the muscle types?

Answer 33

smooth, skeletal, cardiac

Question 34

smooth muscle

Answer 34

walls of hollow organs, 1 nucleus, NO striations

Question 35

skeletal muscle

Answer 35

voluntary control, multinucleate (many nuclei, long cells), striations

Question 36

cardiac muscle

Answer 36

striations and intercalated dice
1 nucleus, heart pump
branching to work as a unit

Question 37

nervous tissue

Answer 37

seen in brain, spinal cord, and nerves
transmits impulses in the dorm of action potential
neurons and neuroglia