chapter 2- the chemical

Question 1

what makes up metabolism ?

Answer 1

anabolism+ catabolism

Question 2

what do chemicals do for our body

Answer 2

they compose body structures, and how they interact determines how our body functions

Question 3

biological molecules

Answer 3

chemical compound found in living organisms

Question 4

synthesis reactions

Answer 4

anabolism- 2 or more reactants form a larger product

Question 5

dehydration reaction

Answer 5

water is released as reactants combine, NEEDS ENERGY

Question 6

endergonic

Answer 6

energy must come in

Question 7

decomposition reaction

Answer 7

reverse of a synthesis reaction, larger reactant is chemically broken down into 2 or more smaller products (catabolism)

Question 8

hydrolysis

Answer 8

water is added as reactant to separate molecules, releases energy

Question 9

peptide bond

Answer 9

between an amino group and a carboxyl

Question 10

what do enzymes act as ?

Answer 10

catalyst

Question 11

what is a catalyst?

Answer 11

it increases the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 12

what are 2 things that speed up a reaction?

Answer 12

enzymes and temperature

Question 13

how do catalysts work?

Answer 13

speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to begin

Question 14

what are the 4 major groups of organic molecules ?

Answer 14

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
Needed for life**

Question 15

carbohydrates

Answer 15

1 energy source

provides and stores energy, regulates blood glucose, spares protein and fat use for energy, undigested carbs provide bulk in feces.

Question 16

lipids

Answer 16

protects and insulates the body, regulates physiological processes, forms plasma membranes, backup energy storage

Question 17

proteins

Answer 17

regulates body processes, transport, protection, help muscles contract, and provides structure and energy

Question 18

nucleic acid

Answer 18

genetic material, synthesizes proteins

Question 19

monosaccharides

Answer 19

primary building block, simple sugars combine to form disaccharides

Question 20

what are the 3 disaccharides?

Answer 20

sucrose, lactose, and maltose

Question 21

polysaccharides

Answer 21

many sugars, starch, cellulose, glycogen (in liver and muscles)

Question 22

how can lipids be dissolved

Answer 22

in alcohol or acetone

Question 23

triglycerides

Answer 23

most fats in the body, glycerol+ 3 fatty acids

Question 24

steroids

Answer 24

4 ring structures, derive from cholesterol, seen in plasma membrane, and steroid hormones

Question 25

what are proteins comprised of

Answer 25

amino acids (21 total)

Question 26

how many amino acids are essential

Answer 26

9 which cannot be synthesized in the body so they must be taken in

Question 27

what are nucleic acids comprised of ?

Answer 27

C, H, O, N, P

Question 28

what are amino acids perceived as?

Answer 28

the building blocks, made of monosaccharides, nitrogenous bases, and a phosphate group.

Question 29

what are the two types of nucleic acids?

Answer 29

DNA- genetic material
RNA- protein synthesis > makes necessary proteins