chapter 2- the chemical Flashcards
what makes up metabolism ?
anabolism+ catabolism
what do chemicals do for our body
they compose body structures, and how they interact determines how our body functions
biological molecules
chemical compound found in living organisms
synthesis reactions
anabolism- 2 or more reactants form a larger product
dehydration reaction
water is released as reactants combine, NEEDS ENERGY
endergonic
energy must come in
decomposition reaction
reverse of a synthesis reaction, larger reactant is chemically broken down into 2 or more smaller products (catabolism)
hydrolysis
water is added as reactant to separate molecules, releases energy
peptide bond
between an amino group and a carboxyl
what do enzymes act as ?
catalyst
what is a catalyst?
it increases the rate of a chemical reaction
what are 2 things that speed up a reaction?
enzymes and temperature
how do catalysts work?
speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to begin
what are the 4 major groups of organic molecules ?
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
Needed for life**
carbohydrates
1 energy source
provides and stores energy, regulates blood glucose, spares protein and fat use for energy, undigested carbs provide bulk in feces.
lipids
protects and insulates the body, regulates physiological processes, forms plasma membranes, backup energy storage
proteins
regulates body processes, transport, protection, help muscles contract, and provides structure and energy
nucleic acid
genetic material, synthesizes proteins
monosaccharides
primary building block, simple sugars combine to form disaccharides
what are the 3 disaccharides?
sucrose, lactose, and maltose
polysaccharides
many sugars, starch, cellulose, glycogen (in liver and muscles)
how can lipids be dissolved
in alcohol or acetone
triglycerides
most fats in the body, glycerol+ 3 fatty acids
steroids
4 ring structures, derive from cholesterol, seen in plasma membrane, and steroid hormones
