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structure and function > chapter 3- cell bio > Flashcards

chapter 3- cell bio Flashcards

1
Q

what is a cell?

A

the basic structural and functional unit of life

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2
Q

plasma membrane

A

separates internal and external environment, outer boundary. Area of connection with other cells- facilitates communication

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3
Q

cytoplasm

A

area between the plasma membrane and the nucleus, contains organelles that perform specific roles

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4
Q

plasma membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer containing cholesterol, with proteins attached/embedded. Polar heads with non polar tails

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5
Q

when is diffusion possible?

A

with gases, steroids, H2O

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6
Q

how does everything else that can’t use diffusion get through?

A

uses a channel or transporter to get through

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7
Q

selectively permeable

A

allows some things through and not others

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8
Q

what are the types of membrane proteins?

A

integral and peripheral

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9
Q

integral proteins

A

deep in lipid bilayer, some extend the full thickness (transmembrane proteins), act as transporters

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10
Q

ion channels

A

specialized transporters that help ions travel through

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11
Q

peripheral proteins

A

attatches to inner/outer surface of lipid bilayer, not part of the membrane

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12
Q

example of a peripheral protein

A

glycoprotein

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13
Q

what are the 3 cell transport mechanisms ?

A

passive, active, and vesicular

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14
Q

passive transport

A

doesn’t require energy

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15
Q

active transport

A

requires energy

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16
Q

vesicular transport

A

uses vesicles to move things in and out of the cell, requires energy

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17
Q

what is simple diffusion

A

passive diffusion
moves from high to low concentration, energy is released but not required, moves down the concentration gradient

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18
Q

where in the body can simple diffusion be seen ?

A

alveoli in the lungs

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19
Q

what are the types of passive diffusion?

A

simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

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20
Q

what is osmosis the diffusion of?

A

water

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21
Q

osmosis

A

not solute is moving, movement of water to reach equilibrium.
equal ratio of water to solute on both sides

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22
Q

hypotonic solution

A

more water than solute in solution, too much water enters the RBC and causes it to burst

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23
Q

isotonic solution

A

concentration of solute in solution is equal to the concentration in the RBC. No net movement of water and RBC shape remains the same

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24
Q

hypertonic solution

A

solution has a higher solute concentration than water, causes RBC to shrink

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25
facilitated diffusion
passive transport no ATP needed, carrier proteins move molecules down the concentration gradient from high to low. energy is released
26
example of facilitated transport
glucose transport. insulin mediated
27
active transport
need energy to occur, moves molecules UP concentration gradient, move low to high concentration uses protein carriers such as a pump
28
vesicular transport examples
phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor mediated endocytosis (RME)
29
what is endocytosis ?
the process of things entering cells
30
phagocytosis
solid particles taken in, cell eating, requires energy
31
pinocytosis
liquid particles taken in via invagination, requires energy
32
receptor mediated endocytosis
bind to receptors and use vesicles to bring multiple particles in bulk, requires input of energy
33
example of vesicular transport
exocytosis
34
exocytosis
moves molecules out of the cell, secretory vesicles fuse with plasma membrane and releases the contents requires energy seen with neurotransmitter release, hormone release from endocrine and exocrine gland
35
cytoplasm
liquid content inside the cell, organelles float within this area, cytosol is the fluid portion
36
what does the cytoplasm consist of?
water, electrolytes, glucose, and amino acids
37
what does the cytoplasm do?
removes waste products, aids in cellular respiration, and holds shape
38
cytoskeleton
structural support, generates movement
39
what makes up the cytoskeleton?
microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
40
microtubules
lines cells up, intracellular movement, generates beings
41
microfilaments
movement and support, arrangement
42
intermediate filaments
strength, provides stability
43
nucleus
surrounded by nuclear envelope with nuclear pores that allow molecules to go from nucleus to cytoplasm contains DNA
44
ribosomes
sites of protein synthesis, found on rough ER or floating freely
45
endoplasmic reticulum
close to nucleus RER and SER
46
Rough ER
studded with ribosomes protein synthesis
47
Smooth ER
steroid hormone synthesis, cell detox protective role
48
Golgi apparatus
sites of protein synthesis, flattened sacs, packages proteins, distribution center
49
mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell, provides ATP, Cristae foldings
50
secretory vesicles
pinch off golgi to cell membrane and exocytosis occurs
51
lysosomes
suicide sacs, contains hydrolytic enzymes, digest phagocytized material, also digests dysfunctional organelles (destroys cancer cells)
52
peroxisomes
contain enzymes that breakdown fatty acids and amino acids breakdown by catalase enzymes found in liver and kidney cells
53
examples of specializations
cilia, flagella, and microvilli
54
cilia
hair seen pn the surface of cells, capable of movement seen in respiratory tract and female reproductive tract moves mucus out of trachea
55
flagella
long projection, seen on sperm cells, allow movement for fertilization
56
microvilli
projection on top surface, increases surface area seen in intestine, kidney, and other absorption areas
57
fluid compartments
intracellular fluid (60%) extracellular (40%)
58
intracellular fluid (ICF)
fluid in the cytoplasm, largest fluid compartment, 2/3 of body fluid
59
extracellular fluid (ECF)
fluid outside of cells, 1/3 of body 80% of ECF is interstitial fluid includes lymphatic vessels 20% of ECF makes up plasma volume in bloodstream CSF and synovia fluid
60
fluid shifts
regulates body, compensatory shifting
61
how does exercise affect fluid shifts ?
exercise= fluid shifts from plasma, IF compensates for sweating stop exercise= fluid shifts back

structure and function (9 decks)

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