Chapter 4: Tissues

Question 1

What is a tissue?

Answer 1

group of cells w/ similar structure & function

Question 2

Histology

Answer 2

microscopic study of tissue

Question 3

What are the 4 tissue types?

Answer 3

epithelial, connective, muscular, & nervous

Question 4

Epithelial tissue

Answer 4

covering or lining tissue

Question 5

Connective tissue

Answer 5

diverse primary tissue; makes up a part of every organ

Question 6

Muscular tissue

Answer 6

tissue that contracts/shortens; allows movement

Question 7

Nervous tissue

Answer 7

coordinates and controls body activity

Question 8

Functions of epithelial tissues:

Answer 8

-protects underlying structures
-skin barrier
-allows passage of substances (nephrons to kidney)
-secretes & absorbs substances

Question 9

how to classify epithelial tissues

Answer 9

-number of cell layers
-shape of cell on the most superficial layer

Question 10

what does the term “simple” mean in epithelial tissue?

Answer 10

one layer of cells

Question 11

what does the term “stratified” mean in epithelial tissue?

Answer 11

more than 1 layer (many)

Question 12

what does the term “pseudostratified columnar” mean in epithelial?

Answer 12

appears to be stratified but all cells contact the same basement membrane, so ITS SIMPLE (pseudo=fake)

Question 13

what does “transitional” in epithelial tissue mean?

Answer 13

special type of stratified epithelium where cell stretches from cuboidal to squamous (flat)

Question 14

what is a squamous layer?

Answer 14

flat shaped

Question 15

what is a cuboidal layer?

Answer 15

square/cube shaped (about equal in height and width)

Question 16

what is a columnar layer?

Answer 16

rectangle/column shape (taller than wide)

Question 17

Location @ SIMPLE SQUAMOUS epithelium (diffuses and filters against friction)

Answer 17

lining of blood vessels/heart

Question 18

Location @ SIMPLE CUBOIDAL epithelium (secretion by cells of kidney tubules, movement by ciliated cells)

Answer 18

kidney tubules, glands

Question 19

Location @ SIMPLE COLUMNAR epithelium (movement of particles out of bronchioles and some cells have CILIA)

Answer 19

uterus, stomach, intestines

Question 20

Location @ PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR epithelium (move mucus onto free-surface)

Answer 20

nasal sinuses, trachea, pharynx, bronchi

Question 21

Location @ STRATIFIED squamous epithelial (barrier against infection; reduces loss of water)

Answer 21

keratinized on ONLY outer layer of skin OR non-keratinized at mouth, vagina, throat

Question 22

Location @ STRATIFIED cuboidal epithelial (secrets, absorbs, protects against infection)

Answer 22

sweat gland ducts like PAROTID gland (cheek area)

Question 23

Location @ STRATIFIED columnar epithelial (protects/secretes)

Answer 23

larynx, mammary gland ducts

Question 24

Location @ TRANSITIONAL epithelial (protects against caustic urine)

Answer 24

ureter

Question 25

what are some free surfaces of epithelium?

Answer 25

-smooth (reduce friction, AKA endothelium) -folds (organ can change shape) -microvilli (increase absorption/secretion) -cilia (move mucus across surface)

Question 26

Connective tissue functions are...

Answer 26

-separate organs into layers -connect tissues to another (TENDONS, LIGAMENTS) -support movement (bones) -cushion and insulate (fat) -transport blood -protects cells

Question 27

What does "-blasts" mean?

Answer 27

create matrix (osteoblasts)

Question 28

what does "-cytes" mean?

Answer 28

maintain matrix (osteocytes)

Question 29

what does "-clasts" mean?

Answer 29

break matrix down for remodeling

Question 30

Adipocytes

Answer 30

major energy storage

Question 31

Erythrocytes:

Answer 31

red blood cells (carry respiratory gases)

Question 32

Leukocytes

Answer 32

white blood cells (immunity)

Question 33

Thrombocytes

Answer 33

platelets (form blood clots)

Question 34

osteoblasts

Answer 34

form bone matrix

Question 35

osteocytes

Answer 35

maintain bone matrix

Question 36

osteoclasts

Answer 36

break down the bone matrix

Question 37

chondroblasts

Answer 37

form matrix of cartilage

Question 38

chrondrocytes

Answer 38

maintain matrix of cartilage

Question 39

fibroblasts

Answer 39

form matrix of fibrous connective tissue

Question 40

fibrocytes

Answer 40

maintain matrix of fibrous connective tissue

Question 41

Muscular Tissue

Answer 41

- contracts/shortens w/ force, movement, & pumps blood -3 types: -skeletal (striated and voluntary) -cardiac (involuntary) -smooth (involuntary)