Chapter 3

Question 1

Define what plasma (cell) membrane is:

Answer 1

outer BOUNDARY that allows cells to interact within its EXTERNAL environment … outside of nucleus!

Question 2

Cilia

Answer 2

moves materials/substances over surface of cells

Question 3

Microvilli:

Answer 3

extension of plasma membrane (INCREASES SURFACE AREA) for absorption

Question 4

Flagellum

Answer 4

used for movement by sperm cells

Question 5

What is simple diffusion?

Answer 5

net movement of SOLUTES

Question 6

What is osmosis?

Answer 6

net movement of WATER

Question 7

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 7

net movement of SOLUTES but through protein channel/transport

Question 8

what is active transport?

Answer 8

ATP is required unlike the rest, substances are moved from lower to higher

Question 9

endocytosis

Answer 9

movement of substances within cell

Question 10

phagocytosis

Answer 10

move solids, AKA cell eating (phago=eating)

Question 11

pinocytosis

Answer 11

move liquid, AKA cell drinking (pino=drink)

Question 12

exocytosis

Answer 12

movement of substances OUT of cell

Question 13

what does the nucleus do/have?

Answer 13

contains DNA and directs cells what to do

Question 14

what is cytoplasm?

Answer 14

located between plasma membrane and nucleus; contains organelles which perform specific functions

Question 15

what are organelles?

Answer 15

specialized structures in cell that perform SPECIFIC functions (ex: nucleus, mitochondrion) AKA, little organs!

Question 16

what are organelles also called?

Answer 16

little organs

Question 17

where is the nucleus located?

Answer 17

center of cell; contains genetic material or DNA

Question 18

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 18

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 19

What is mitochondrion?

Answer 19

major site of ATP (energy) production; AKA, “powerhouse of the cell”

Question 20

What does ER stand for?

Answer 20

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 21

What is rough ER? (RER)

Answer 21

contains ribosomes; PRODUCES PROTEINS

Question 22

What is smooth ER? (SER)

Answer 22

does not contain ribosomes; PRODUCES LIPIDS and detoxifies

Question 23

What is Golgi apparatus?

Answer 23

modifies, packages, distributes proteins AND lipids for secretion

Question 24

What are Lysosomes?

Answer 24

contain digestive enzymes which digest cellular material

Question 25

How do genes work? (order)

Answer 25

DNA --> RNA --> proteins

Question 26

How does Gene (REPLICATION) work? What are the base pairings?

Answer 26

DNA --> DNA (same=replication) -base pairing: A-T and C-G

Question 27

How does gene TRANSCRIPTION work? What are the base pairings?

Answer 27

DNA ---> RNA -base pairing: A-U, T-A, and C-G

Question 28

How does Translation work?

Answer 28

RNA ---> proteins

Question 29

What is the exact order of the cell cycle?

Answer 29

1. Interphase 2. Prophase 3. Metaphase 4. Anaphase 5. Telophase 6. Cytokinesis

Question 30

What happens during the interphase (1st cycle)?

Answer 30

cell is at rest & phase between cell divisions but contains extra phases like: - G1 (cell carry out normal activities) - S (DNA and organelles are replicated) - G2 (preparation for division)

Question 31

What is mitosis?

Answer 31

series of events where one cell divides into two cells

Question 32

What happens during the prophase?

Answer 32

where chromosomes form

Question 33

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 33

chromosomes are aligned in center/middle of cell

Question 34

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 34

chromosomes separate to opposite poles

Question 35

What happens during telophase?

Answer 35

chromosomes de-condense and nuclear membrane REFORMS

Question 36

What happens during cytokinesis?

Answer 36

final division/separation of cytoplasm