Chapter 4 Study Guide

Question 1

Piaget was a theorist that believed:

Answer 1

Children build knowledge through exploration with hands on activities.

Question 2

Gardener was a theorist who believed:

Answer 2

Intelligence is the result of complex interactions between a child’s heredity and experiences

Question 3

Erikson was a theorist whose:

Answer 3

Eight stages included a social conflict or crisis that must be solved.

Question 4

Vygotsky what the therapist who:

Answer 4

Contributed the zone of proximal development.

Question 5

A principal or idea that is proposed research and generally accepted as an explanation is:

Answer 5

Theory

Question 6

Principal that development proceeds from the head downward

Answer 6

Cephalocaudal

Question 7

The sequence of biological changes in children

Answer 7

Maturation

Question 8

Studying and understanding child development are:

Answer 8

Important parts of teaching young children

Question 9

Referring to a change or growth in children:

Answer 9

Development

Question 10

Includes a change in bone thickness and weight:

Answer 10

Physical development

Question 11

Fine motor development involves the:

Answer 11

Small muscles of the hands and fingers.

Question 12

Emotional development involves the:

Answer 12

Feelings and expressions of feelings.

Question 13

The spinal cord develops:

Answer 13

BEFORE development in the child’s outer body parts.

Question 14

Each child moves through development at:

Answer 14

His or her own rate.

Question 15

Brain development occurs most rapidly during the:

Answer 15

First THREE years of life

Question 16

The brain contains billions of specialized nerve cells called:

Answer 16

Neurons

Question 17

The connections between nerve cells occur as:

Answer 17

A child interacts with the environment.

Question 18

Gardeners theory focuses on:

Answer 18

Multiple intelligences

Question 19

The sensimotor stage takes place bewteen:

Answer 19

Birth and two years of age

Question 20

Vygotsky claimed that children learn through:

Answer 20

Social and cultural experiences.

Question 21

The study of child development is often divided into:

Answer 21

Four main areas

Question 22

The areas of child development are:

Answer 22

Social emotional cognitive and physical

Question 23

When the body is under stress it produces a steroid called:

Answer 23

Cortisol.

Question 24

Naturalistic intelligence is the ability to:

Answer 24

Classify objects in nature such as animals and plants

Question 25

A child from birth to year 1:

Answer 25

Infant.

Question 26

Learning to relate to others is called:

Answer 26

social development

Question 27

According to the proximodistal principle development proceeds:

Answer 27

From the center of the body outward.

Question 28

What is one factor that causes harmful stress to infants?

Answer 28

Overstimulation

Question 29

The first six months are key window of opportunity for developing:

Answer 29

Vision

Question 30

According to Erikson, when do children learn to trust or mistrust their environment?

Answer 30

In the first 18 months of life.

Question 31

What is adjusting what is already known to fit new information?

Answer 31

Accommodation

Question 32

Who believed that children moved forward in their cognitive development with the right social interaction and guided learning?

Answer 32

Vygotsky

Question 33

People with INTERpersonal intelligence display:

Answer 33

Excellent communication and social skills.

Question 34

Cognitive development refers to:

Answer 34

Processes people use to gain knowledge.

Question 35

The basic principles of growth and development are:

Answer 35

Universal.

Question 36

The ability of an infants brain to change according to stimulation is known as:

Answer 36

Plasticity

Question 37

The critical timing for promoting brain connections related to math is from:

Answer 37

One to four years old

Question 38

What is a window of opportunity?

Answer 38

Even know if opportunity is framework that identifies key neurological wiring opportunities. 

Question 39

What happens during a window of opportunity?

Answer 39

Brain synapses link easily, and appropriate learning experiences are most beneficial.

Question 40

Why is the window of opportunity important?

Answer 40

This is a prime period of time in a child’s life for skill mastery and development if given the opportunity.

Question 41

What is the objective of Erikson’s 2nd stage, autonomy versus shame/ doubt?

Answer 41

The objective is for children to be independent with clear and consistent limits to build self-esteem.

Question 42

What does Erikson’s 2nd stage, autonomy versus shame/ doubt help children do?

Answer 42

Self-feeding, using the bathroom, hand washing, teeth brushing, and getting dressed.

Question 43

What is the zone of proximal development?

Answer 43

It is a tool used for understanding where children are in their development created by Vygotsky. It has on one end what children can do independently, in the middle is what children can do with help, and at the other end is what children cannot do.

Question 44

What is an example of how the zone of proximal development can be used as a teacher?

Answer 44

It can be used by noticing where a student is having trouble with development of a skill and providing assistance until they are able to do it on their own. The goal is to promote autonomy.

Question 45

What abilities are included in emotional development?

Answer 45

Identifying feelings, managing strong emotions, and developing empathy.

Question 46

What are three ways caregivers can assist children in development of vocabulary and speech during the first three years of life?

Answer 46

1.) reading to them.
2.) Talking to them.
3.) guiding them through the taste happening and explaining what is next verbally.