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PSCYH1010 > Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception Flashcards

1
Q

When a stimulus is at its absolute threshold what percentage of the time will it be detected?

A

50%

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2
Q

Which type of cells are found on the fovea?

A

Cones

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3
Q

Which theory of colour vision provides the best explanation of complimentary colour afterimages?

A

Opponent process theory

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4
Q

Rachel is looking at her dog. The dog itself is the ____ stimulus, the image of the dog on her retina is the ____ stimulus.

A

Distal; proximal

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5
Q

Which of the following is an example of pictoral depth cue?

A

Interposition

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6
Q

Research suggests that when an object evokes feelings of ____ it appears further away than it is.

A

Disgust

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7
Q

Which physical property of sound determines its pitch?

A

Wavelength

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8
Q

Which of the following theories suggests that sounds of different pitch cause the hair cells to vibrate at different rates?

A

Frequency theory

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9
Q

Where in the human body can you find the ossicles?

A

In the middle of the ear

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10
Q

Hilary sees a steady image of the world outside the car window despite the fact that she is travelling over a bumpy dirt road. Which perceptual system is detecting the bumps in the road?

A

Vestibular system

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11
Q

Focuses light rays falling on the retina

A

Lens

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12
Q

Regulates the amount of light passing to the rear of the eye

A

Pupil

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13
Q

The neural tissue lining the inside back surface of the eye

A

Retina

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14
Q

A hole in the retina that corresponds to the blind spot

A

Optic disk

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15
Q

A tiny spot in the centre of the retina where visual activity is greatest

A

Fovea

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16
Q

Consists of rods and cones, which are organized into receptive fields

A

Visual receptors

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17
Q

Play a key role in night and peripheral vision and greatly outnumber cones

A

Rods

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18
Q

Play a key role in day and colour vision and provide greater activity than rods

A

Cones

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19
Q

A collection of rods and cones that funnel signals to specific visual cells in the retina or the brain

A

Receptive fields

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20
Q

Projects through the thalamus, where signals are processed and distributed to the occipital lobe.

A

Main visual pathway

21
Q

mediates the ability to localize visual objects in space

A

Second visual pathway

22
Q

In the occipital lobe handles initial processing of visual input

A

Primary visual cortex

23
Q

Neurons that respond selectively to specific features of complex stimuli

A

Feature detectors

24
Q

Works by removing some wavelengths of light, leaving less light

A

Subtractive colour mixing

25
Q

Works by putting more light in mixture than any one light

A

Additive colour mixing

26
Q

Holds that the eye has three groups of receptors sensitve to wavelengths associated with red, green, blue

A

Trichromatic theory

26
Q

Holds that receptors make antagonistic responses to three pairs of colours

A

Opponent process theory

27
Q

What is form perception?

A
  • The same visual input can result in very different perceptions
  • Form reception is selective, as the phenomenon of inattentional blindness demonstrates
  • Some aspects of form perception depend on feature analysis, which involves detecting specific elements and assembling them into complex forms
  • Gestalt principles help explain how scences are organized into discrete forms
  • Form perception often involves perceptual hypothesis, which are inferences about the forms that could be responsible for the stimuli sensed
28
Q

Clues about distance based on the differing views of the two eyes

A

Binocular cues

29
Q

Refers to the fact that the right and left eyes see slightly different views of objects. The closer the object gets, the greater the disparity

A

Retinal disparity

30
Q

Clues about distance based on the image in either eye alone

A

Monocular cues

31
Q

Are monocular clues that can be given in a flat picture, such as linear perspective, texture gradients, relative size, height in plane, interposition, and light and shadow.

A

pictoral cues

32
Q

A discrepency between the appearance of a visual stimulus and its physical reality

A

visual illusion

33
Q

such as the Muller-Lyer illusion, the Ponzo illusion, and the moon illusion - show that perceptual hypotheses can be wrong and that perception is not a simple reflection of objective reality

A

Illusions

34
Q

The external ear’s sound-collecting cone

A

Pinna

35
Q

A taut membrane (at the end of the auditory canal) that vibrates in response to sound waves

A

Eardrum

36
Q

Three tiny bones in the middle ear that convert the ear drum’s vibrations

A

Ossicles

37
Q

The fluid-filled, coiled tunnel that houses the inner ear’s neural tissue

A

Cochlea

38
Q

Holds hair cells that serve as auditory receptors

A

Basiliar membrane

39
Q

Perception of pitch depends on the portion of the basilar membrane vibrated

A

Place theory

40
Q

Perception of pitch depends on the basilar membrane’s rate of vibration

A

Frequency theory

41
Q

Consists of locating where a sound is coming from in space

A

Auditory localization

42
Q

Incoming pain signals can be blocked in the spinal cord

A

Gate-control theory

43
Q

____ absorb chemicals in saliva and trigger impulses rooted through the thalamus.

A

Taste cells

44
Q

Olfactory ____ absorb chemicals in the nose and trigger neural impulses

A

cilia

45
Q

Smell is the only sensory sysyem that isn’t routed through the ____.

A

Thalamus

46
Q

____ receptors in the skin respond to pressure, temperature, and pain

A

Sensory

47
Q

Pain signals travel along _____ _____ that registers localized pain and a ____ ____ that carries less localized pain sensations.

A

Fast pathway
Slow pathway

48
Q

Light waves vary in ____ (height) and in ____ (the distance between peaks)

A

Amplitude and wavelength

PSCYH1010 (7 decks)

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