Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

When a stimulus is at its absolute threshold what percentage of the time will it be detected?

Answer 1

50%

Question 2

Which type of cells are found on the fovea?

Answer 2

Cones

Question 3

Which theory of colour vision provides the best explanation of complimentary colour afterimages?

Answer 3

Opponent process theory

Question 4

Rachel is looking at her dog. The dog itself is the ____ stimulus, the image of the dog on her retina is the ____ stimulus.

Answer 4

Distal; proximal

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of pictoral depth cue?

Answer 5

Interposition

Question 6

Research suggests that when an object evokes feelings of ____ it appears further away than it is.

Answer 6

Disgust

Question 7

Which physical property of sound determines its pitch?

Answer 7

Wavelength

Question 8

Which of the following theories suggests that sounds of different pitch cause the hair cells to vibrate at different rates?

Answer 8

Frequency theory

Question 9

Where in the human body can you find the ossicles?

Answer 9

In the middle of the ear

Question 10

Hilary sees a steady image of the world outside the car window despite the fact that she is travelling over a bumpy dirt road. Which perceptual system is detecting the bumps in the road?

Answer 10

Vestibular system

Question 11

Focuses light rays falling on the retina

Answer 11

Lens

Question 12

Regulates the amount of light passing to the rear of the eye

Answer 12

Pupil

Question 13

The neural tissue lining the inside back surface of the eye

Answer 13

Retina

Question 14

A hole in the retina that corresponds to the blind spot

Answer 14

Optic disk

Question 15

A tiny spot in the centre of the retina where visual activity is greatest

Answer 15

Fovea

Question 16

Consists of rods and cones, which are organized into receptive fields

Answer 16

Visual receptors

Question 17

Play a key role in night and peripheral vision and greatly outnumber cones

Answer 17

Rods

Question 18

Play a key role in day and colour vision and provide greater activity than rods

Answer 18

Cones

Question 19

A collection of rods and cones that funnel signals to specific visual cells in the retina or the brain

Answer 19

Receptive fields

Question 20

Projects through the thalamus, where signals are processed and distributed to the occipital lobe.

Answer 20

Main visual pathway

Question 21

mediates the ability to localize visual objects in space

Answer 21

Second visual pathway

Question 22

In the occipital lobe handles initial processing of visual input

Answer 22

Primary visual cortex

Question 23

Neurons that respond selectively to specific features of complex stimuli

Answer 23

Feature detectors

Question 24

Works by removing some wavelengths of light, leaving less light

Answer 24

Subtractive colour mixing

Question 25

Works by putting more light in mixture than any one light

Answer 25

Additive colour mixing

Question 26

Holds that the eye has three groups of receptors sensitve to wavelengths associated with red, green, blue

Answer 26

Trichromatic theory

Question 26

Holds that receptors make antagonistic responses to three pairs of colours

Answer 26

Opponent process theory

Question 27

What is form perception?

Answer 27

* The same visual input can result in very different perceptions * Form reception is selective, as the phenomenon of inattentional blindness demonstrates * Some aspects of form perception depend on feature analysis, which involves detecting specific elements and assembling them into complex forms * Gestalt principles help explain how scences are organized into discrete forms * Form perception often involves perceptual hypothesis, which are inferences about the forms that could be responsible for the stimuli sensed

Question 28

Clues about distance based on the differing views of the two eyes

Answer 28

Binocular cues

Question 29

Refers to the fact that the right and left eyes see slightly different views of objects. The closer the object gets, the greater the disparity

Answer 29

Retinal disparity

Question 30

Clues about distance based on the image in either eye alone

Answer 30

Monocular cues

Question 31

Are monocular clues that can be given in a flat picture, such as linear perspective, texture gradients, relative size, height in plane, interposition, and light and shadow.

Answer 31

pictoral cues

Question 32

A discrepency between the appearance of a visual stimulus and its physical reality

Answer 32

visual illusion

Question 33

such as the Muller-Lyer illusion, the Ponzo illusion, and the moon illusion - show that perceptual hypotheses can be wrong and that perception is not a simple reflection of objective reality

Answer 33

Illusions

Question 34

The external ear's sound-collecting cone

Answer 34

Pinna

Question 35

A taut membrane (at the end of the auditory canal) that vibrates in response to sound waves

Answer 35

Eardrum

Question 36

Three tiny bones in the middle ear that convert the ear drum's vibrations

Answer 36

Ossicles

Question 37

The fluid-filled, coiled tunnel that houses the inner ear's neural tissue

Answer 37

Cochlea

Question 38

Holds hair cells that serve as auditory receptors

Answer 38

Basiliar membrane

Question 39

Perception of pitch depends on the portion of the basilar membrane vibrated

Answer 39

Place theory

Question 40

Perception of pitch depends on the basilar membrane's rate of vibration

Answer 40

Frequency theory

Question 41

Consists of locating where a sound is coming from in space

Answer 41

Auditory localization

Question 42

Incoming pain signals can be blocked in the spinal cord

Answer 42

Gate-control theory

Question 43

____ absorb chemicals in saliva and trigger impulses rooted through the thalamus.

Answer 43

Taste cells

Question 44

Olfactory ____ absorb chemicals in the nose and trigger neural impulses

Answer 44

cilia

Question 45

Smell is the only sensory sysyem that isn't routed through the ____.

Answer 45

Thalamus

Question 46

____ receptors in the skin respond to pressure, temperature, and pain

Answer 46

Sensory

Question 47

Pain signals travel along _____ _____ that registers localized pain and a ____ ____ that carries less localized pain sensations.

Answer 47

Fast pathway Slow pathway

Question 48

Light waves vary in ____ (height) and in ____ (the distance between peaks)

Answer 48

Amplitude and wavelength