chapter 4 review Flashcards
A manager who is reactive and works hard to address problems after they occur is described as a ____________.
problem solver
A problem is a discrepancy between a/an ____________ situation and a desired situation.
actual
If a manager approaches problems in a rational and analytical way, trying to solve them in step-by-step fashion, he or she is well described as a/an _____________.
systematic thinker
The first step in the decision-making process is to _________________.
identify and define the problem
When the members of a special task force are asked to develop a personal for hitting very aggressive targets for the international sales of a new product, this problem most likely requires a ____________ decision.
nonprogrammed
Costs, benefits, timeliness, and ____________ are among the recommended criteria for evaluating alternative courses of action in the decision-making process.
ethical soundness
The _____________ decision model views managers as making optimizing decisions, whereas the _____________ decision model views them as making satisficing decisions.
classical; behavioral
one reason why certainty is the most favorable environment for problem solving is because the problems can be addressed nu using ____________ decisions.
programmed
A common mistake made by managers facing crisis situations is _____________________________.
isolating themselves to make crisis decisions alone
In which decision environment does a manager deal with probabilities regarding possible courses of action and their consequences?
risk
A manager who decides against hiring a new employee that just graduated from Downstate University because the last person hired from there turned out to be a low performer is falling prey to ____________ error.
availability
Which decision-making error is most associated with the old adage: “If you don’t succeed, try and try again”?
escalating commitment
You go to your boss and ask for a pay raise. She says: “Well, let’s take a look first at what you are making now.” The risk you face in this situation is that your boss’s decision will be biased because of ________________.
anchoring and adjustment
Personal creativity drivers include creativity skills, task expertise, and ______________.
task motivation
The last step in decision-making process is to _________________.
evaluate results
