Chapter 4: Research Methods Flashcards
Hypothesis Reqs.
- Must be testable
- Must be as free of confounds as possible
- Must be falsifiable
Internal Validity
can we say the independent variable is the reason for the dependent variable’s change?
Clinical Significance
is the effect meaningful for those effected
Epidemiology
the study of incidence, distribution, and issue problems in a population
Clinical Trials
an experiment used to determine the effectiveness and safety of treatments, ideally a randomised-controlled one
nocebo and placebo
to harm vs to please
Allegiance Effect
when a researcher tries harder to see the results they want to see, whether intentional or not
Comparative Treatment Groups
both groups are in an experiment to test which treatment (2 are used) yields better results
Process Research
focuses on why behaviour changes in relation to a treatment
Single-Case Experiment Design
systematic study of individuals under certain experimental conditions; includes repeated measure, withdrawal design, and multiple baseline designs
Repeated Measurement Design
the behaviour is measured multiple times before and one time after the independent variable is introduced to help determine if the independent variable was responsible for those changes
Withdrawal Design
researchers try to determine if the independent variable was responsible for the changes in behaviour by taking away the independent variable (treatment) to see if the condition/behaviour returns to baseline
Multiple Baseline Design
researchers start treatment at different times across settings for different people and behaviours; if someone improved after x event, and someone improved after y event concerning the same issues and treatment, one can be more sure that the treatment has an influence on the person’s life
Human genome project
mapping of human genetic information!
Endophenotype
how a genotype’s phenotype becomes expressed
Fields that study the interaction between the Environment and genetics of psych disorders
Basic genetic epidemiology, advanced genetic epidemiology, gene finding, and molecular genetics
Proband
the person/patient with the pattern/trait/condition in question
Positive Development Strategies
everyone gets a security blanket of good practices to decrease risk behaviours
Universal Prevention Strategies
basically the same thing, the population is focused on to prevent the illness but the individual is not considered
Selective Prevention Strategies
focuses on whole groups at risk and makes programmes geared toward them
Indicated Prevention Strategies
a preventative measure for those who show signs of the disorder/are at risk but don’t have it yet
Cross-Sectional Studies
use groups of people at different ages to compare characteristics
Cohort Effect (CSS)
different things may occur without the cause being clear as to whether it is attributable to age or the time period that the people have grown up in
Longitudinal studies
follows a group of interest through time collecting multiple measurements
