Chapter 3: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

Question 1

Clinical Assessment

Answer 1

systematic evaluation of psychological, biological, and social factors in an individuals life

Question 2

Diagnosis

Answer 2

the process of determining whether the patient’s problem meets the criteria of a disorder

Question 3

Reliability

Answer 3

the degree to which an assessment is consistent

Question 4

Validity

Answer 4

the degree to which an assessment measures what it is intended to measure

Question 5

Concurrent Validity

Answer 5

compared to studies before, how does this measure hold up

Question 6

Predictive/Criterion Validity

Answer 6

how well can one predict the future with the measure given

Question 7

Facial Validity

Answer 7

does it seem like it makes sense

Question 8

Construct Validity

Answer 8

do others agree that this is what it is measuring?

Question 9

Internal Validity

Answer 9

does it function correctly within itself (random assignment)

Question 10

External Validity

Answer 10

can it be generalised to the rest of the population (or target)?

Question 11

Standardisation

Answer 11

certain standards used to have consistency between measurements

Question 12

Clinical Interview

Answer 12

gathers information on current and past behaviours, attitudes, emotions, and a detailed summary of a person’s life and presenting problem

Question 13

Mental Status Exam (5)

Answer 13

1. Appearance and Behaviour
2. Thought processes (delusions of grandeur, persecution. ideas of reference, hallucinations)
3. Mood and affect
4. Intellectual functioning
5. Sensorium (awareness of who they are, what is happening, who the clinician is, what time it is, etc) clear/oriented times three

Question 14

Privileged Communication

Answer 14

confidentiality between a patient and a clinician

Question 15

Interview Types (3)

Answer 15

1. Free form/Non structured
2. Semistructured
3. Fully Structured

Question 16

Analogue Setting

Answer 16

used to mimic what a clinician cannot directly observe in a patient’s life

Question 17

Personality Inventories

Answer 17

self-report questionnaires that asses pers. traits; doesn’t matter what the answers are, just the patterns

Question 18

MMPI

Answer 18

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; a type of personality inventory that was started in 1943 and uses computers in order to test if someone’s answers are irregular (by using known diagnoses as a backbone, as well as “sketchy answer” algorithm(

Question 19

Reactivity

Answer 19

knowing that you are being assessed (and therefore changing your answers)

Question 20

Psychological Tests

Answer 20

Rorschach, Thematic Apperception, Sentence Completion

Question 21

Standford-Binet’s IQ Test

Answer 21

now uses deviation from the average to compare people in the same age group; used in order to test certain skills; backstory was a test created to see who would be best suited for school

Question 22

Wechsler Test

Answer 22

verbal scales and performance scales

Question 23

Neuropsychological Tests

Answer 23

measure the abilities in areas like receptive language, motor skills, concentration/memory, attention, etc; assesses brain dysfunction

Question 24

Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test

Answer 24

shows if there is brain damage by telling children to copy down shapes and lines

Question 25

CAT

Answer 25

Computerised Axial Tomography; developed in the 70s and compiles various images of slices of the brain for a full picture

Question 26

MRI

Answer 26

Magnetic Resonance Imaging; has a clearer picture than most, and uses a magnetic field to track the amount of oxygen in the brain, fMRIs show immediate response to stimuli

Question 27

PET

Answer 27

Positron Emission Tomography; measure less and more active parts of the brain by tagging glucose or other molecules with radioactive isotopes; less accurate but less expensive

Question 28

Biofeedback

Answer 28

when a patient is told their reaction to try to mitigate that reaction

Question 29

Idiographic

Answer 29

has to do with what is relevant to the individual patient/case and how treatment and other things will work for them personally

Question 30

Nomothetic

Answer 30

what works for the vast majority of people

Question 31

Taxonomy

Answer 31

classification of something for scientific purposes

Question 32

Nosology

Answer 32

classification of something for a clinical area

Question 33

Nomenclature

Answer 33

the names or labels of disorders and such that make up the nosology

Question 34

Classical (Pure) Categorical Approach

Answer 34

Kaeplin; there is only one set of causal factors for a disorder, and therefore every disorder is unique and cannot overlap/be exceptions

Question 35

Dimensional Approach

Answer 35

psychological and biological processes/issues happen on a spectrum/dimensional plane and symptoms can be signs of more than one psychological disorder

Question 36

Prototypical Approach

Answer 36

only requiring some of the prototypical characteristics of a disorder; a meshing of both, as all are not required, but some are

Question 37

Familial Aggregation

Answer 37

how common a disorder may be among a patient’s relatives

Question 38

DSM-5

Answer 38

uses a dimensional rating system, but it is uniform

Question 39

Culture

Answer 39

values, knowledge, and practices derived from belonging to certain ethnic or social groups

Question 40

Comorbidity

Answer 40

being diagnosed with more than one psych disorder