Chapter 4 prep(bioenergetics)

Question 1

The energy stored in substrate molecules is chemically released in cells and stored in the form of a high-energy compound called \_\_\_\_\_.
A. adenosine triphosphate
B. sucrose	
C. pyruvate
D. elastin

Answer 1

$

Question 2

What is bioenergetics?
A. It is the science of how the human body produces energy in the absence of oxygen.
B. It is the study of how plants contribute to the production of energy.
C. It is the study of how energy is transformed through various biochemical reactions.
D. It is the science of how energy is obtained from external sources.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself?
A. Peristalsis
B. Kinetics
C. Acidosis
D. Metabolism

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Dietary food is broken down by the digestive system into smaller by-products called \_\_\_\_\_.
A. bolus
B. substrates
C. fibroids
D. bile

Answer 4

B

Question 5

\_\_\_\_ provide the body with a source of fuel and energy required for all daily activities including exercise.
A. Fatty acids
B. Minerals
C. Carbohydrates
D. Phospholipids

Answer 5

C

Question 6

What are carbohydrates eventually broken down into in the human body?
A. Glycerol
B. Glucose
C. Lactic acid
D. Cholesterol

Answer 6

B

Question 7

Identify a true statement about glycogen.
A. It is the chemical or substrate form in which most fat exist.
B. It is a string of glucose molecules that can be rapidly broken down into glucose.
C. It is used by the body during short-duration, low-intensity activities.
D. It is a form of glucose stored predominantly in the epidermal cells.

Answer 7

B

Question 8

Proteins become a significant source of energy during \_\_\_\_\_.
A. sleep
B. starvation
C. intensive exercises
D. excessive physical activities

Answer 8

B

Question 9

Which of the following is true of fat?
A. It can be broken down into triglycerides and used for energy during prolonged physical activity.
B. It can never be metabolized aerobically.
C. Most fat in the body exists in the chemical or substrate form of saccharides.
D. Glucose-1-phosphate results from the breakdown of fat cells.

Answer 9

A

Question 10

Identify a true statement about adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
A. Nearly 95 percent of the energy released from ATP is actually used for cellular work.
B. It is a low-energy molecule that stores energy specifically for mechanical work.
C. Nearly 60 percent of the energy from ATP is usually released as heat.
D. It is the last and the least significant source of energy for cellular metabolism.

Answer 10

C

Question 11

The process of creating a new adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule from a(n) \_\_\_\_\_ molecule is the simplest and fastest of the energy systems and occurs without the presence of oxygen.
A. pyruvate
B. oxaloacetate
C. collagen
D. phosphocreatine

Answer 11

D

Question 12

The adenosine triphosphate-phosphocreatine (ATP-PC) system usually provides energy primarily for \_\_\_\_\_. 
A. long-duration exercises
B. low-intensity activities
C. short-duration exercises
D. low-energy activities

Answer 12

C

Question 13

The process of producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in which glucose or glycogen is broken down to pyruvic acid is called \_\_\_\_\_.
A. aerobic glycolysis
B. alkalosis 
C. anaerobic glycolysis
D. acidosis

Answer 13

A

Question 14

During anaerobic glycolysis, glucose or glycogen is broken down to \_\_\_\_\_.
A. leucine
B. isocitric acid
C. lactic acid 
D. creatine

Answer 14

C

Question 15

The most important factor regulating energy utilization during exercise is the _____.
A. body weight of the person performing the exercise
B. amount of food consumed before the exercise
C. part of the body used for the exercise
D. intensity and duration of the exercise

Answer 15

D

Question 16

Identify a feature of aerobic metabolism.
A. The aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates and fats usually produces carbon monoxide.
B. The aerobic metabolism of glucose and fat takes much lesser time than the aerobic breakdown of glucose and fat.
C. Aerobic metabolism has a high speed of production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules.
D. Aerobic metabolism usually lacks the capability to produce energy required for an indefinite period of time.

Answer 16

B

Question 17

During short-duration exercises, the primary fuel source is usually _____.
A. stored adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine
B. glucose
C. acetyl-CoA
D. adenosine diphosphate (ADP) molecules and phospholipids

Answer 17

A

Question 18

As the duration of a short-duration exercise gradually increases, \_\_\_\_\_ provides the primary source of fuel. 
A. adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
B. aerobic metabolism
C. anaerobic glycolysis
D. adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Answer 18

C

Question 19

Which of the following predominates as the primary energy source during several prolonged minutes of exercising?
A. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine
B. Oxidation of glucose and fat
C. Aerobic glycolysis of lactic acid
D. Pyruvate acid

Answer 19

B

Question 20

What usually happens after 90 minutes of exercise?
A. The majority of muscle glycogen stores are depleted.
B. The amount of stored adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the body increases.
C. The oxidation of proteins predominates as the primary energy source.
D. The amount of available fuel for exercise from fats becomes limited.

Answer 20

A

Question 21

After a prolonged period of exercising, what happens when muscle glycogen stores are depleted?
A. They are immediately replenished with amino acids from tissue stores for energy.
B. The primary energy supply shifts from glycogen to fats.
C. The intensity of the exercise begins to increase.
D. They are immediately substituted by proteins as a majority fuel source.

Answer 21

B