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Chemistry > Chapter 4 P/C And Energy, Ch 8 Chemical Equations > Flashcards

Chapter 4 P/C And Energy, Ch 8 Chemical Equations Flashcards

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1
Q

+ symbol meaning?

A

Plus or added two
placed between substances

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2
Q

Arrow to the right

A

Yields, produces
Points to products

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3
Q

(s)

A

Solid state
Written after a substance

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4
Q

(l)

A

Liquid state
Written after a substance

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5
Q

(g)

A

Gaseous state
Written after a substance

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6
Q

(aq)

A

Aqueous solution
Substance dissolved in water

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7
Q

triangle

A

Heat is added
When written above or below arrow

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8
Q

What’s the difference between physical properties and chemical properties

A

 Physical properties can be observed/determined WITHOUT CHANGING THE IDENTITY of a substance

Chemical properties FORM NEW SUBSTANCES

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9
Q

Examples of physical properties

A

SOLUABILITY
phase change properties, like boiling, freezing or melting point
CONDUCTIVITY

Odor, color, shiny

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10
Q

Examples of chemical properties

A

Flammable,
Decay
Supporting combustion
Ability to rust

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11
Q

No two substances have identical, physical and chemical properties

A
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12
Q

What’s the difference between a change and a property?

A

Properties describe
Shiny measurable prop

Changes are verbs with ING
DISSOLVING, CONDUCTING
CUTTING

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13
Q

Are growing a plant and baking physical or chemical changes?

A

Chemical changes

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14
Q

What are the proper proper terms in writing chemical equations?

A

Reactants (right YIELDS arrow) products

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15
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

Mass can’t be created or destroyed in any chemical or physical process

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16
Q

What is involved in a physical and chemical processes?

A

Energy

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17
Q

Definition of energy

A

Ability to do work for capacity to cause change

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18
Q

Name forms of energy

A

Foods and fuels

Radiant, light, mechanical, electrical, nuclear, heat, chemical, sound

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19
Q

What is kinetic energy

A

Energy of motion, such as walking down the hall, or rolling a ball

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20
Q

Give an example of potential energy

A

Foods or a spring

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21
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only transform from one form to another,

such as plugging in a appliance in a toaster means, changing, electrical, energy to heat, light, mechanical and sound energy.

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22
Q

Official definition of heat

A

Energy that moves from one place to another due to a difference in temperature

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23
Q

Energy always flows from what to what temperature

A

High to low temperature

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24
Q

Test

A
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25
Q

What is specific heat?

A

Amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of a specific substance by 1°C

26
Q

What is temperature?

A

The measure of kinetic energy of the particles in a sample

27
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

Total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles in a sample.

This is not warmth but more particles, a swimming pool has more thermal energy than a beaker even if the beaker is boiling and the swimming pool is room temp.

28
Q

What does a low specific heat mean?

A

A substance does not need to absorb much energy in order to change its temperature. Metal has a lower specific heat. For example, a metal spoon in a pot is warmer than a wooden spoon in the same pot

29
Q

Q = energy in joules or calories

A
30
Q

C: specific heat

A
31
Q

TriangleT =  change in temperature

A
32
Q

When energy is released during a chemical reaction, the process is referred to as what

A

Exothermic

33
Q

When energy is absorbed during a chemical reaction what is the process called?

A

Endothermic

34
Q

In this graph is this endothermic or exothermic? How can you tell?

A

Endothermic because from reactants to products, the endpoint is higher

35
Q

In exothermic reactions such as burning, will the product be higher or lower than the reactant on a graph?

A

The product will be lower

36
Q

How can energy cause chemical change?

A

Light causes things to decompose such as hydrogen peroxide

37
Q

What is an example of forms of energy produced by chemical changes?

A

Gas in a car, sound, heat

38
Q

I got this!

A
39
Q

Symbols written above the yields arrow in the equation mean what?

A

It could be a catalyst used to speed up the reaction without being part of the reaction. Or it could be heat or extra info.

40
Q

What’s the term used for numbers that come before an element in a compound?

A

Coefficients

41
Q

Do we ever change the subscript in a correctly written chemical formula?

A

NO

42
Q

Is AQ & L the same?

A

No AQ is dissolved in water/solution,
L equals liquid

43
Q

Instead of writing gas or precipice, what is sometimes used?

A

Gas is upward arrow
Precipapte is down arrow

44
Q

When balancing equations, what do we start and end with?

A

Start with where you have less

And with oxygen and hydrogen

45
Q

When balancing equations, how do you reduce?

A

All or nothing

46
Q

When looking at a chemical reaction, what do we do first

A

Formulas first, then balance

47
Q

During a chemical reaction what is released/absorbed

A

Energy

Exothermic equals energy released
Endothermic equals energy, absorbed

48
Q

If there are kilojoules on the
right PRODUCT side
This means what?

A

It is exothermic

49
Q

Is photosynthesis endothermic or exothermic?

A

Endothermic

50
Q

Where is activation energy on this chart

A

From the starting line to the top of the hill. This is exothermic as the product is lower than the reaction.

51
Q

Explain the activity series

A

It’s a list of elements with the most reactive at the top, and the least at the bottom. It means those above have a greater tendency to lose electrons and they force elements lower on the list to accept electrons.

 Example if copper is placed in solution of silver nitrate, copper has a greater tendency than silver to lose electrons. Silver is forced to accept electrons and will be reduced from +1 toa 0 oxidation state and copper is oxidized/becomes more positive

52
Q

RS (right arrow) R + S
Is an example of what reaction

A

Decomposition
starts with one and makes many

Single compound, broken down into two or more simpler products

53
Q

A + B (right arrow) AB
Is an example of what kind of reaction?

A

Synthesis

This is ONE thing to the right of the yield arrow

Two or more reactants combine to form ONE product

Also, referred to as COMBINATION reactions

54
Q

What is the formula for a single replacement?

A

T + RS (yield arrow) TS + R

Or

U + RS (right arrow) RU + S if halogen kicking out another halogen

55
Q

The activity series is only used in what kind of reaction

A

Single replacement

56
Q

What is the formula for a double replacement?

A

AB + CD (yield arrow) AD + CB

Cation listed first 

Whatever is written first takes place of the other written first 

57
Q

Do subscripts travel

A

NO

58
Q

In a double replacement if both are aqueous it is what kind of reaction

A

No reaction

59
Q

Do we use the activity series for double replacement?

A

No

60
Q

Combustion reactions always have the same product which is what

A

CO 2 and’s H2O

61
Q

Formula for single replacement?

A

T + RS= TS + R

The outside ones end up together

62
Q

When hydrogen gets kicked out, it becomes a what?

A

Diatomic
Make sure to note 2 atoms!

Chemistry (15 decks)

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