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Chemistry > Chapter 1 Classification Theories And Laws, Composition, > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Classification Theories And Laws, Composition, Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemistry is the study of what

A

COMPOSITION  of substances and the changes they undergo

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2
Q

Scientific approach to solving problems equals what

A

Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
New observation
Hypothesis
Experiment

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3
Q

What is a theory?

A

EXPLANATION of a phenomenon or event, based on a lot of experimental evidence

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4
Q

What is a scientific law?

A

A statement based on a lot of experimental evidence
A law STATES BUT DOESN’T EXPLAIN

It’s always true there are no exceptions as in hypothesis or theory

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5
Q

Matter is what

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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6
Q

All matter is made up of what?

A

Tiny particles called atoms

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7
Q

What are the two types of matter?
Or how do chemists, classify matter

A

Pure substance or mixture

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8
Q

What are the types of pure substances?

A

Elements or compounds

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9
Q

What are the types of mixtures?

A

Homogeneous or heterogeneous. Homogeneous his one phase heterogeneous is two phases.

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10
Q

What are the states of matter

A

Solid liquid gas

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11
Q

What are the defining characteristics of a solid?

A

Fixed shape and volume not compressible has upper surface

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12
Q

What are the defining characteristics of a liquid?

A

Varying shape, conforms to the shape of container, fixed volume, has upper surface, moderately compressible

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13
Q

What are the defining characteristics of a gas?

A

No fixed shape or volume
no upper surface
highly compressible

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14
Q

Use kinetic theory to describe behavior of three common states of matter?

A

In a solid particle, stay in one spot and vibrate,

in a liquid particles, move over and around their neighbors, but stay close together,

in a gas particles have enough energy to completely separate. They are approximately 1000 times farther apart, and they would be in a solid or liquid state.

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15
Q

What is amorphous?

A

Without shape or form such as plastic

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16
Q

What is Crystaline?

A

Particles that form regular repeating three dimensional geometric patterns
Such as salt salt

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17
Q

Describe homogeneous

A

No visible boundary between components

18
Q

Describe heterogeneous

A

Visible boundary between components. Such as a settling at the bottom of the container or a salad.

19
Q

What is a compound?

A

A pure substance composed of two or more elements, CHEMICALLY combined in a DEFINATE proportion

20
Q

Is a pure substance homogeneous

A

Yes, but it is not a mixture

21
Q

What is a phase?

A

Homogeneous part of a system separated from other parts by physical boundaries

22
Q

What is a system?

A

A body of matter, under consideration

23
Q

What are physical properties?

A

Properties of a substance shows by itself, without interacting with another substance, such as color, melting, point, boiling point density

24
Q

What are chemical properties

A

Properties of substance shows as it interacts with, or transforms into other substances, such as flammability and corrosiveness

25
Q

What are separation techniques? There are five.

A

Filtration, crystallization, distalization extraction, and chromotography

F
E
C
C
D

26
Q

What is filtration?

A

It’s based on particle size

27
Q

What is crystallization separation technique?

A

Separation based on a difference in Salyu ability and components in a mixture

28
Q

What is distillation?

A

Separation based on differences in volatility

29
Q

What is extraction

A

Separation based on differences in solubility in different solvents

30
Q

What is chromatography?

A

Separation based on differences in solubility in a solvent versus a stationary phase

31
Q

What is uniform in appearance and has the same properties throughout?

A

Homogeneous

32
Q

Matter consisting of two or more physically, distinct phases, is what

A

Heterogeneous

33
Q

What is a homogeneous part of a system separated from other parts by physical boundaries?

A

Phase

34
Q

What is a body of matter? Under consideration?

A

A system

35
Q

Explain a proton

A

Positively charged, heavy and large

36
Q

Explain a neutron

A

Neutral charge, same size as proton

37
Q

Explain an electron

A

Same quantity of charge as a proton, but opposite and
very small and nearly no mass

38
Q

What subatomic particles are responsible for chemical properties of an element?

A

Electrons

39
Q

The nucleus is held together by what

A

Nuclear force

40
Q

In an element what is extremely stable and doesn’t change easily?

A

Protons, though electrons can change easily

41
Q

What serves as a buffer between protons

A

Neutrons. Sometimes, with a different number of neutrons in the element may also be stable.

Chemistry (15 decks)

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