Chapter 11 chemical bonding Flashcards
Periodic means what
 Repeating, according to a pattern
What is the periodic law?
Elements arranged in such a way that physical and chemical properties repeat in a predictable way as long as the elements are arranged in order of atomic number
What is the radius of an atom?
The radius of an atom is defined as half the distance between the nuclei of adjacent atoms
What is the periodic trend for size of atom?
As you move, right across the periodic table, the size of atoms in generally decreases
PERIODIC TREND: RIGHT SMALLER
What’s the explanation for the periodic trend for size?
Moving right on the periodic table equals adding electrons to the SAME energy level at the SAME distance from the neucleus. This plus the extra proton increases the charge and increases the attraction for electrons in the outer level (valance)
What is the group trend for size of an atom?
As you move down a group on the periodic table, the size of the atoms generally increases
DOWN LARGER
Why does the group trend for size happen?
Each successive element adds electrons to an energy level that is FURTHER from the nucleus. The nucleus will NOT be as effective in attracting these electrons, which allow them to be farther away 
What is ionization energy?
Energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom
When sharing compounds - whatever has the fewest electrons write that symbol in the middle.
Never hydrogen or oxygen.
If you try to take another electron after one is already taken, you’ll pay more or less for the second on the first?
You’ll pay more for the second
The ionization of energies of elements increases or decreases as you move across a period?
Increases as you move across the. The ionization energy of nonmetals is higher than of metals.
Why is the ionization energies of element increase as you move across a period
Because the elements are getting smaller, the same thing that causes elements to be smaller, (increase attraction for electrons in one energy level) causes the nonmetals to attract electrons so strongly that they are difficult to remove
Is it more likely for nonmetals to gain or lose extra electrons?
Attract and gain
Why does the ionization energy of elements decrease as you move down a group?
Atoms get larger as we move down in the group. If the nucleus cannot effectively attract the valence electrons, then it is easier to lose the electrons. In chemistry, this means that less energy will be required to take electrons out of an atom 
Regarding bonding what is Tammy’s favorite saying? And what does it mean?
Metals are losers, and nonmetals are winners! Metals lose, valence electrons during bonding, nonmetals gain valence electrons
Definition of electronegativity
TENDENCY of an atom to attract electrons to itself during bonding
Is the electronegativity value for an element is higher what does that mean?
It will have a stronger attraction for electrons. The highest on the periodic chart is fluorine at 4.0. The least electronegative element is cesium and’s francium
As you move around the periodic table, what is the trend regarding electronegativity?
Electronegativity increases as you move across the period. And electronegativity decreases as you move down in a group.
 What is an ionic bond?
A bond formed as a result of an electron transfer. Generally this involves a metal reacting with a nonmetal.
IRON TRANSFER
What happens when metals lose electrons?
They become positive. Metals are losers losers are positive in chemistry.
What is a covalent bond?
The band as a result of sharing electrons between two or more NON METALS
What happens To the name of an element when you add electrons do nonmetals?
Xxx IDE
NOT XXXITE
When a neutral atom becomes an ion, what happens to its size and why?
Cations are smaller than their parent atom, because after losing an electron the protons in the nucleus, Kenmore affectively attract to the remaining electrons
The reverse is true for anions
 Are ionic compounds electrically neutral?
Yes they are!
