Chapter 11 chemical bonding

Question 1

Periodic means what

Answer 1

 Repeating, according to a pattern

Question 2

What is the periodic law?

Answer 2

Elements arranged in such a way that physical and chemical properties repeat in a predictable way as long as the elements are arranged in order of atomic number

Question 3

What is the radius of an atom?

Answer 3

The radius of an atom is defined as half the distance between the nuclei of adjacent atoms

Question 4

What is the periodic trend for size of atom?

Answer 4

As you move, right across the periodic table, the size of atoms in generally decreases

PERIODIC TREND: RIGHT SMALLER

Question 5

What’s the explanation for the periodic trend for size?

Answer 5

Moving right on the periodic table equals adding electrons to the SAME energy level at the SAME distance from the neucleus. This plus the extra proton increases the charge and increases the attraction for electrons in the outer level (valance)

Question 6

What is the group trend for size of an atom?

Answer 6

As you move down a group on the periodic table, the size of the atoms generally increases

DOWN LARGER

Question 7

Why does the group trend for size happen?

Answer 7

Each successive element adds electrons to an energy level that is FURTHER from the nucleus. The nucleus will NOT be as effective in attracting these electrons, which allow them to be farther away 

Question 8

What is ionization energy?

Answer 8

Energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom

Question 9

When sharing compounds - whatever has the fewest electrons write that symbol in the middle.
Never hydrogen or oxygen.

Question 10

If you try to take another electron after one is already taken, you’ll pay more or less for the second on the first?

Answer 10

You’ll pay more for the second

Question 11

The ionization of energies of elements increases or decreases as you move across a period?

Answer 11

Increases as you move across the. The ionization energy of nonmetals is higher than of metals.

Question 12

Why is the ionization energies of element increase as you move across a period

Answer 12

Because the elements are getting smaller, the same thing that causes elements to be smaller, (increase attraction for electrons in one energy level) causes the nonmetals to attract electrons so strongly that they are difficult to remove

Question 13

Is it more likely for nonmetals to gain or lose extra electrons?

Answer 13

Attract and gain

Question 14

Why does the ionization energy of elements decrease as you move down a group?

Answer 14

Atoms get larger as we move down in the group. If the nucleus cannot effectively attract the valence electrons, then it is easier to lose the electrons. In chemistry, this means that less energy will be required to take electrons out of an atom 

Question 15

Regarding bonding what is Tammy’s favorite saying? And what does it mean?

Answer 15

Metals are losers, and nonmetals are winners! Metals lose, valence electrons during bonding, nonmetals gain valence electrons

Question 16

Definition of electronegativity

Answer 16

TENDENCY of an atom to attract electrons to itself during bonding

Question 17

Is the electronegativity value for an element is higher what does that mean?

Answer 17

It will have a stronger attraction for electrons. The highest on the periodic chart is fluorine at 4.0. The least electronegative element is cesium and’s francium

Question 18

As you move around the periodic table, what is the trend regarding electronegativity?

Answer 18

Electronegativity increases as you move across the period. And electronegativity decreases as you move down in a group.

Question 19

 What is an ionic bond?

Answer 19

A bond formed as a result of an electron transfer. Generally this involves a metal reacting with a nonmetal.

IRON TRANSFER

Question 20

What happens when metals lose electrons?

Answer 20

They become positive. Metals are losers losers are positive in chemistry.

Question 21

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 21

The band as a result of sharing electrons between two or more NON METALS

Question 22

What happens To the name of an element when you add electrons do nonmetals?

Answer 22

Xxx IDE

NOT XXXITE

Question 23

When a neutral atom becomes an ion, what happens to its size and why?

Answer 23

Cations are smaller than their parent atom, because after losing an electron the protons in the nucleus, Kenmore affectively attract to the remaining electrons

The reverse is true for anions

Question 24

 Are ionic compounds electrically neutral?

Answer 24

Yes they are!

Question 25

When writing the formula for a compound what comes first metal or non-non-metal?

Answer 25

Metal first

Question 26

What is the pattern associated with the charge of each ion and its location on the periodic table?

Answer 26

Group 1A is +1
2A is +2

Question 27

What are the types of covalent bonds?

Answer 27

Polar covalent bonds-electrons NOT shared equally

Nonpolar covalent bond electrons ARE shared equally

Question 28

What are the guidelines for determining? If bond will be non-polar, polar, or ionic?

Answer 28

Polar covalent bond electron negativity difference, 0.5-1.9.
Less than that is non-polar. Greater is ionic.

Electronegativity difference 0.0 -0.4 nonpolar covalent.

Electronegativity difference, 0.5 -1.9 polar covalent bond.

electron negativity difference, >1.9 ionic bond.

Question 29

What are the seven diatomic elements?

Answer 29

Have no fear of ice, cold beer,

hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, iodine chlorine bromine

Question 30

When writing a chemical formula, what do you put in the middle?

Answer 30

Never hydrogen, always whatever needs the most 

Question 31

In a polar bond are they always shared equally?

Answer 31

No, they are not. The one with the higher electronegativity has a greater pull and they lean to that side.

Question 32

What is the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory?

Answer 32

VSEPR states electrons want to be as far apart as possible, whether shared or unshared pairs  THIS BECAUSE SAME CHARGE REPELS.