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Intro kinesiology > Chapter 4 - Muscles At Work > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Muscles At Work Flashcards

0
Q

What is another name for static muscle contraction

A

Isometric contraction

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1
Q

What are the 2 forms and types of muscle contraction?

A

Static and dynamic

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2
Q

Static muscle contraction

A

Nothing moves. There is internal force exerted against an external load

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3
Q

How much tension can be developed from static muscle contraction

A

High amounts because energy used from cross bridge activation is high

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4
Q

Give 3 examples of static muscle contraction:

A

Planks
Pushing against a stable wall
Pressing your hands together
Arm wrestling

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5
Q

Dynamic muscle contraction

A

Change in limb structure that the muscle is moving around. Muscle tension/force is exerted against an external load

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6
Q

Internal force is _____ than the external load in dynamic muscle contraction.

A

Greater

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7
Q

Auxotonic isotonic

A

A dynamic contraction. The tension required to move an external load varies while the mass of the load remains constant

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8
Q

The strength needed to perform a barbell curl depends on what 4 internal factors?

A

1) the athletes physique
2) the athletes leverage
3) the angle position of the limbs
4) the speed of the movement

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9
Q

Isokinetic

A

A dynamic contraction that involves a constant speed contraction against a pre-set resistance

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10
Q

Where does muscle strengthening occur for isokinetic muscle contraction?

A

At all joints

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11
Q

List 5 examples of isokinetic contraction:

A

1) CYBEX
2) KINCOM
3) LIDO
4) HydraGym
5) nautilus (controversial)

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12
Q

Concentric

A

Involves muscle shortening while tension is generated as it goes through a range of motion; usually termed flex ion

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13
Q

What is an example of concentric?

A

Moving the heel closer to the buttocks is concentric of the hamstring

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14
Q

Eccentric

A

Involves muscle lengthening while tension is generated as it goes through a range of motion; usually termed extension

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15
Q

Name an example of eccentric

A

Moving the heel away from the buttocks is eccentric of the hamstrings

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16
Q

If one muscle group is being used to describe concentric what needs to be used to describe eccentric?

A

The same muscle group

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17
Q

List 8 factors influencing the force and power of muscle contractions:

A

1) the individuals state of health
2) the individuals training status
3) joint angle
4) muscle cross sectional area
5) speed of movement
6) muscle fiber type
7) age
8) gender

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18
Q

Joint angle

A

The type of contraction and the force required to resist an external load change as the joint angle changes

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19
Q

What type of muscle contractions might be required for joint angle to occur?

A

Static dynamic concentric eccentric may all be required

20
Q

Coordination between ______ and ______ muscles is required

A

Agonist and antagonist muscles

21
Q

Maximal force is produced at a joint angle that corresponds to ______ _______ _____ interaction

A

Maximal cross bridge

22
Q

Muscle cross sectional area

A

Body mass is positively correlated with strength, provided that the mass is primarily muscle tissue or lean mass

23
Q

The larger the muscle cross sectional area the more _____ it can potentially generate

A

Force

24
Q

Maximal strength

A

The ability to perform maximal voluntary muscular contractions in order to overcome powerful external resistances

25
Q

One repition maximum (1RM)

A

The greatest force that can be exerted during one repition for a given contraction of muscles

26
Q

What activities are examples where greater absolute strength is necessary?

A

Weightlifting and track and field events

27
Q

Amount of force generated over time gives us _____

A

Power

28
Q

Relative strength

A

The performance of athletes classified by weight or athletes who much overcome their own body mass, depends on the proportion of maximal strength to body mass

29
Q

Relative strength = _____/_____

A

Maximal strength/ body mass

30
Q

As speed of movement _______ the force a muscle can generate _______

A

Increases, decreases

31
Q

Speed of movement compromises cross bridges dice they cannot ______ and ______ fast enough

A

Couple and uncouple

32
Q

Muscular endurance

A

The ability of a muscle to exert force as then do more and more. Important in acyclic events that involve strength and endurance including gymnastics wrestling icing downhill skiing etc.

33
Q

What is the number of repitions that can be performed against a high resistance dependent on?

A

Maximal strength

34
Q

The greater an athletes maximal strength the greater the muscular ________ at a particular load

A

Endurance

35
Q

Endurance

A

The number of repitions against resistance in a certain amount of time

36
Q

Vigorous cardiovascular training can lead to?

A

An associated decrease in the diameter of fast twitch fibers

37
Q

Increased endurance can be associated with?

A

Decrease muscle strength as a result of a corresponding decrease in muscle volume

38
Q

Activities that are solely endurance will see a loss in ______

A

Fast twitch muscle fibers

39
Q

Activities that are solely maximum will hve no _____

A

Speed

40
Q

What does repetitive maximal strength decrease? What does it increas?

A

Decrease endurance, increases strength

41
Q

The greater the fast twitch fiber content of a muscle….

A

1) the greater the force output
2) the greater the over speed of contraction
3) the greater the fatigabiliry (decreased endurance) when the muscle has been maximally activated

42
Q

The greater the slow twitch fiber content of a muscle…

A

1) the lower the force producing capacity
2) the slower the contraction speed
3) the greater the endurance characteristics of the muscle

43
Q

What does she affect

A

Muscle force output

44
Q

What is there a loss of with age

A

Fast twitch fibers

45
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

46
Q

Sarcopenia

A

The medical term that describes muscle loss

47
Q

What is the differences between male and females mainly due to?

A

The difference that exists in muscle volume

Intro kinesiology (19 decks)

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