Chapter 13 - Substance Use and Abuse Flashcards
give 2 definitions of drugs
1) substances used as medications or in the preparation of medication
2) substances that cause addiction, habituation, or a marked change in consciousness
addiction
compulsive physiological need
habituation
tolerance to the drug effects
dietary supplements
ingredients found in food that are processed to provide one or more micro and macronutrients
list 3 everyday drugs
- caffeine
- nicotine
- alcohol
list 5 places caffeine can be found
1) coffee beans
2) tea leaves
3) cocoa beans
4) cola nuts
5) energy drinks
____-____mg of caffeine is not associated with adverse effects
400-450mg (2 cups of brewed coffee)
___mg IOC limit (~ 4-7 cups of brewed coffee)
12mg
what is the stimulant from caffeine?
CNS stimulant
what 3 things does CNS stimulant do?
1) increase alertness
2) increase fat burning
3) non-user side effects
list 6 non-user side effects of caffeine
1) insomnia
2) headaches
3) irritability
4) nervousness
5) elevated heart rate
6) high blood pressure
what kind of drug is alcohol?
depressant
true or false: alcohol has no ergogenic effect
true
12 ounces of beer = __ ounces of wine = __ ounces of hard liquer
5 ounces of wine, 1 ounce of hard liquer
what are 4 psychological effects of alcohol?
1) reduced tension
2) reduced anxiety
3) enhanced self-confidence
4) promotion of aggression
what are the 3 types of effects alcohol gives?
1) psychological effects
2) anti-tremor effects
3) negative side effects
what are 5 negative side effects produced by alcohol?
1) motor coordination
2) hand and eye coordination
3) reaction time
4) information processing
5) decision making
true or false: nicotine is a depressant
FALSE: nicotine is a stimulant
does nicotine have ergogenic effects?
no
true or false: nicotine is harmful and dangerous to almost ALL levels of body functioning
true
what does nicotine do to blood vessels?
decreases oxygen carrying capacity
what does nicotine do to the heart?
- restricts oxygen supply
- increases oxygen demand
- increases heart rate and blood pressure
what does nicotine do to the lungs (alveoli)?
alters blood and airflow
what does nicotine do to the skin?
decreases temperature
______ is irritant and cardinogenic
nicotine
what are the 6 types of illegal drugs?
1) stimulants
2) depressants
3) hallucinogens
4) anabolic steroids
5) opiates
6) cannabis
what do stimulants and depressants affect?
brain
what do hallucinogens affect?
perception and thought
what does anabolic steroids affect?
muscles
what do opiates affect?
sleep and pain
what are 4 examples of cannabis?
marijuana, hashish, hash oil, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
what are 3 examples of stimulants?
cocaine, crack, ecstasy
what are 3 examples of depressants?
barbiturates, anavar, dinnabol
give 3 examples of hallucinogens
LSD, PCP, mushrooms
give 3 examples of opiates
heroin, morphine and codine
what are the 3 effects from cannabis?
psychological, cognitive and physical
give 2 examples of psychological effects from cannabis
1) feelings of calm and relaxation
2) talkativeness
what are 4 cognitive effects of cannabis
1) impairs concentration
2) impairs short term memory
3) more vibrant sensory perception
4) alters sense of time and space
what are 5 physical effects of cannabis?
1) impairs coordination and balance
2) increases appetite
3) rapid heart rate
4) red eyes
5) dry mouth and throat
ergogenic aids
substances that enhance work output, particularly as it relates to athletic performance (include drugs and dietary supplements)
what are the 4 basic ergogenic mechanisms?
1) CNS stimulation
2) increase substrate storage
3) supplemental energy source
4) facilitation of recovery
what are athletes 2 beliefs about reasoning for supplementation?
1) ensures adequate micronutrient intake
2) “supercharging” elevates performance and training
what are the 3 scientific evidence for reasoning for supplementation?
1) ensures adequate micronutrient intake ONLY for those athletes who are deficient
2) not necessary for those who maintain well-balanced diet
3) “supercharging” maybe harmful to death
“super”
loading of muscle glycogen stores
increase in glycogen does what to endurance performance?
increases it
