Chapter 4 Module

Question 1

Genes

Answer 1

The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes.

Small segments of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins.

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

Question 4

Human Genome

Answer 4

Shared genetic profile that distinguishes humans from other species, consisting at an individual level of all genetic material in an organism’s chromosomes.

Question 5

Behaviour Geneticists

Answer 5

Study the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behaviour.

Question 6

Twin Studies

Answer 6

Studes of identitcal fs fraternal twins, seperate twins, and biological vs adoptive relatives.

Consider the effects of shared environment and shared genes.

Family environments ahve little effect on personality.

Question 7

Temperament

Answer 7

A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.

Question 8

Heritability

Answer 8

The proportion of vairation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes.

The heritabiliy of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.

Question 9

Molecular genetics

Answer 9

The subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes.

Question 10

Molecular Behavior Genetics

Answer 10

The study of how the structure and function of genes interact with our environment to influence behaviour.

Question 11

Epigenetics

Answer 11

The study of the molecular mechanisms by whcih environments can influence genetic expression (without a change in DNA)

Above or in addition to

Question 12

Evolutionary Psychologists

Answer 12

The study of the evolution of behaviour and the mind, using principles of natural selection.

Question 13

Natural Selection

Answer 13

The principle that inherited traits that better enable and organism to survive and reproduce are most likely to be passed on.

Question 14

Mutations

Answer 14

A random error in gene replication that leads to a change.

Question 15

Social Scripts

Answer 15

A culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations.

Question 16

Culture

Answer 16

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

Question 17

Cultural Norms

Answer 17

Understood rules that inform memvbers of a culture about accpeted and expected behaviours.

Question 18

Individualist Cultures

Answer 18

Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s idetntiy in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.

Question 19

Collectivist Cultures

Answer 19

Giving priority to the goals of one’s group and defining one’s identity accordingly.

Question 20

Polygenetic

Answer 20

Differing traits are influenced by many genes of small effect.

Question 21

Identical (monozygotic) twins

Answer 21

Individuals who developed from a single fertilized egg that split in two, creating two genetically identical organisms.

Question 22

Fraternal (dizygotic) twins

Answer 22

Individuals who developed from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than ordinary siblings, but shared a prenatal environment.

Question 23

Genetic Relatives

Answer 23

Biological parents and siblings

Question 24

Environmental Relatives

Answer 24

Adoptive parents and siblings

Question 25

Heredity

Answer 25

The genetic transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring.

Question 26

Environment

Answer 26

Every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us.