Chapter 4: Health promotion of Toddlers (1-3 years)

Question 1

When do anterior fontanels close?

Answer 1

By 18 months of age

Question 2

At 30 months of age, toddlers should weigh __ their birth weights

Answer 2

4x

Question 3

How tall do toddlers grow per year?

Answer 3

3 in

Question 4

Head and chest circumference are usually equal by ___ year

Answer 4

1-2

Question 5

Gross motor skill: Walks without help and creeps up stairs–What age?

Answer 5

15 months

Question 6

Gross motor skill: Assumes standing position, throws ball overhead, jumps up and down with both feet–What age?

Answer 6

18 months

Question 7

Gross motor skill: Walks up and down stairs by placing both feet on each step–What age?

Answer 7

2 years

Question 8

Gross motor skill: Jumps across the floor using both feet and off of a chair or step; stands on one foot momentarily–What age?

Answer 8

2.5 years

Question 9

Fine motor skill: Uses a cup well; builds a tower of 2 blocks?

Answer 9

15 months

Question 10

Fine motor skill: Manages a spoon without rotation; turns pages in a book, 2-3 at a time–What age?

Answer 10

18 momths

Question 11

Fine motor skill: Builds a tower of 6-7 blocks–What age?

Answer 11

2 years

Question 12

Fine motor skill: Draws circles; has good hand-finger coordination–What age?

Answer 12

2.5 years

Question 13

When does Piaget’s sensorimotor stage transition to the preoperational stage?

Answer 13

19-24 months

Question 14

What happens in the preoperational stage (4)?

Answer 14

• Object permanence fully developed
• Toddlers can demonstrate memories of events that relate to them
• Domestic mimicry (playing house) is evident
• Peroperational thought does not allow for toddlers to understand other viewpoints, but it does allow them to symbolize objects and people to imitate previously seen activities

Question 15

Language increases by ____ by 2 years

Answer 15

300 words

Question 16

What age: use one-word sentences, or holophrases

Answer 16

1 year

Question 17

What age: use multiword sentences combing 2-3 words

Answer 17

2 years

Question 18

What age: Combine several words to create simple sentences using grammatical rules

Answer 18

3 years

Question 19

What is Erikson’s stage for toddlers?

Answer 19

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Question 20

What are 3 important aspects of the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage?

Answer 20

• Independence
• Negativism (negative responses as they begin to express their independence)
• Ritualism: maintaining routines and reliability is comforting to the toddler

Question 21

Toddlers are ____, meaning they are unable to see things from the perspective of others; they can only view things from their personal points of view

Answer 21

Egocentric

Question 22

How does punishment and obedience orientation begin?

Answer 22

Sense good behavior is rewarded while bad behavior is punished

Question 23

When do toddlers develop gender identity?

Answer 23

3 years

Question 24

When should parents begin toilet training?

Answer 24

WHEN THE CHILD IS READY!!!- when the child has the sensation to urinate or defecate–parents should have patience and consistency with this. Nighttime control may develop last

Question 25

What immunizations are given to 12-15 month olds?

Answer 25

``` IPV (third dose) Hib PCV MMR Varicella ```

Question 26

What immunizations are given to 12-23 month olds?

Answer 26

Hep A (2 doses 6 months apart)

Question 27

What immunization is given for 15-18 month olds?

Answer 27

DTaP

Question 28

What immunizations are given for 12-36 month olds?

Answer 28

Seasonal flu *Live attenuated flu vaccine by nasal spray at 2 YEARs of age

Question 29

How much milk should a toddle consume per day?

Answer 29

24-30 oz

Question 30

When can a toddler switch from drinking whole milk to low fat milk?

Answer 30

After 2 years of age

Question 31

How much juice should a toddler drink?

Answer 31

4-6 oz per day

Question 32

How much fruit should a toddler have per day?

Answer 32

1 cup

Question 33

What is the food serving size for a toddler?

Answer 33

1 tbsp [of each food] each year of age

Question 34

What are foods that should be avoided due to potential choking hazards?

Answer 34

``` Nuts Grapes Hot dogs PB Raw carrots Tough meats Popcorn ```

Question 35

Should toddlers be allowed to drink or eat during play or while lying down?

Answer 35

Yes, this is ok

Question 36

How much sleep does a toddler average per day (including one nap)?

Answer 36

11-12 hours

Question 37

How should a toddler brush their teeth? Do they need to floss?

Answer 37

Caregiver should do it to adequately remove plaque; yes, caregiver needs to floss their teeth too

Question 38

What is supplemented for children living in areas without adequate levels in drinking water, in regards to dental health?

Answer 38

Fluoride

Question 39

Is it ok to leave a toddler alone in the bath?

Answer 39

NO *toilet lids should be kept closed, closely supervised if near a pool or body of water, toddlers should be taught to swim!

Question 40

Infants and toddlers remain in rear-facing car seat until the age of ___ or when the ____

Answer 40

2 years or when they reach the height recommendation by the manufacturer

Question 41

Toddlers who are over age 2 or are taller than height recommendation, are put into a _____

Answer 41

Forward facing car seat

Question 42

A nurse is assessing a 2.5 year old at a well-child visit. Which of the following findings should he nurse report to the provider? A. Height increased by 7.5 cm (3 in) in the past year B. Head circumference exceeds chest circumference C. Anterior and posterior fontanels closed D. Current weight is 4x birth weight

Answer 42

B

Question 43

``` A nurse is performing a developmental screening on an 18 month old. Which of the following skills should the toddler be able to perform (select all that apply)? A. Build a tower with 6 blocks B. Throw a ball overHAND C. Walk up and down stairs D. Draw circles E. Use a spoon without rotation ```

Answer 43

B, E

Question 44

A nurse is providing teaching about age-appropriate activities to the parent of a 2 year old. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I send my child's favorite stuffed animal when she will be napping away from home" B. Putting large-piece puzzles together is one of my child's favorite activities" C. "The soccer team my child will be playing on starts practice next week" D. "My child likes to ride a straddle truck int he dining room while I'm cooking"

Answer 44

C--Toddlers continue to develop gross motor skills, and prefer parallel play, where they play ALONGSIDE of instead of WITH other children. This will make the concept of team soccer challenging for the toddler

Question 45

A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following should the nurse include (select all that apply)? A. Develop food habits that will prevent dental caries B. Meeting caloric needs results in an increased appetite C. Expression of bedtime fears is common D. Behaviors associated with negativism and ritualism E. Importance of annual screenings for phenylketonuria

Answer 45

A, C, D