Chapter 3: Health promotion of Infants (1m-1y) Flashcards

1
Q

When does the infants posterior (back) fontanel close?

A

6-8 weeks

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2
Q

When does the infants anterior (front) fontanel closer?

A

12-18 months

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3
Q

How much weight do infants gain first 6 months of life?

A

5-7oz PER WEEK

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4
Q

Birth weight is ___ by age 6 months and is ____ by 12 months

A

doubled by 6 months

tripled by 12 months

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5
Q

How tall do infants grow per month during the first 6 months of life?

A

1 in per month

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6
Q

How tall do infants grow 6-12 months of life?

A

Spurts

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7
Q

The birth length has increased ___ by age 12 months

A

50%

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8
Q

The circumference of infants head increases approximately ___ per month for the first 6 months of life, and then approx. ___ between 6-12 months/

A
  1. 5 cm

0. 5 cm

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9
Q

How many teeth should the infant have by end of first year? When do the first teeth erupt?

A

6-8; 6-10 months

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10
Q

How can teething be eased?

A
  • Cold teething rings
  • OTC teething gels
  • Acetaminophen or ibuprofen appropriate if irritability interfere with sleeping and feeding but should NOT be used more than THREE DAYS (ibuprofen only used in 6months+)
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11
Q

How can a parent clean an infants teeth?

A

Cool, wet washcloth

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12
Q

Can bottles be given to infants when they are falling asleep?

A

No–it can cause prolonged exposure to milk or juice and can cause early childhood carries

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13
Q
Gross or fine motor skill:
Grasp reflex (1 month)
A

Fine

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14
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Raises head and shoulders off mattress when prone; only slight head lag (3 months)

A

Gross

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15
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Lifts head off mattress when prone (2 months)

A

Gross

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16
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Holds hands in an open position (2 months)

A

Fine

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17
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Rolls from back to side (4 months)

A

Gross

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18
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Uses palmar grasp dominantly (5 months)

A

Fine

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19
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Demonstrates head lag (1 month)

A

Gross

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20
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:
No longer has a grasp reflex &
Keeps hands loosely open (3 months)

A

Fine

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21
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Places objects in mouth (4 months)

A

Fine

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22
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Rolls from back to front (6 months)

A

Gross

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23
Q

Gross or fine motor skill:

Rolls from front to back (5 months)

A

Gross

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24
Q
Gross or fine motor skill: 
Holds bottle (6 months)
A

Fine

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25
Gross or fine motor skill: | Tries to build a 2 block tower without success (12 months)
Fine
26
Gross or fine motor skill: | Begins using pincer grasp (8 months)
Fine
27
Gross or fine motor skill: | Bears full weight on feet (7 months)
Gross
28
``` Gross or fine motor skill: Sits unsupported (8 months) ```
Gross
29
Gross or fine motor skill: | Has a crude pincer grasp (9 months)
Fine
30
Gross or fine motor skill: | Grasps rattle by its handle (10 months)
Fine
31
Gross or fine motor skill: | Places objects into a container; neat pincer grasp (11 months)
Fine
32
Gross or fine motor skill: | Changes from a prone to sitting position (10 months)
Gross
33
Gross or fine motor skill: | Pulls to standing position and creeps on hands and knees instead of crawling (9 months)
Gross
34
Gross or fine motor skill: | Walks while holding onto something (11 months)
Gross
35
Gross or fine motor skill: | Moves objects from hand to hand (7 months)
Fine
36
Gross or fine motor skill: | Sits down from a standing position without assistance (12 months)
Gross
37
What is Piagets stage of cognitive development for an infant?
Sensorimotor stage (birth-24 months)
38
What are the 3 important tasks accomplished in Piaget's sensorimotor stage?
1. Separation 2. Object permanence 3. Mental representation
39
The process by which infants know that an object still exists when it is out of view. Occurs approx. 9 months of age
Object permanence
40
Infants learn to separate themselves from other objects in the environment
Separation
41
The recognition of symbols
Mental representation
42
What is the first form of verbal communication for an infant?
Crying
43
In regards to language development, what can an infant do by 1 year?
Say 3-5 words and comprehends "no"
44
What is Erikson's stage of psychosocial development for an infant?
Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-1 year)
45
Trust is developed by meeting ___, ___, ___, and ____ needs
Comfort, feeding, stimulation, and caring
46
Mistrust develops if needs are ____ or ______ met, or if needs are continually met before being ______
Inaequately or inconsistently met or if needs are continuously met before being VOCALIZED BY THE INFANT
47
When is attachment seen?
Within the first month, but it actually begins before birth
48
When does separation anxiety begin?
Around 4-8 months
49
When does stranger fear become evident?
6-8 months
50
Infants discover that ___ are pleasure producers. ____ are objects of play. ____ causes others to react
Mouth=pleasure producer Hands and feet= object of play Smiling= causes others to react
51
Is it good to let infants plat with each other?
Not really--infants have short attention spans and won't interact with other children during play--give infants toys that stimulate the senses (rattles, teething toys, nesting toys, play pat-a-cake, read books to them, mirrors, brightly colored toys, play with blocks)
52
What immunization is given at birth?
Hep B
53
What immunization is given at 2 months (6)?
``` DTaP RV IPV Hib PCV Hep B ```
54
What immunizations are given at 4 months?
``` DTap RV IPV Hib PCV ```
55
What immunizations are given at 6 months?
``` DTaP IPV PCV Heb B RV Hib ```
56
What immunizations are given at 6-12 months?
Seasonal flu
57
Can an infant have cow milk?
No
58
When should Vit. D supplements be given to infant?
Within first few days of life
59
____ supplements are recommended for infants who are being exclusively breasted after the age of 4 months
Iron
60
Is it ok to give water or juice during the first 4 months of life?
Not needed
61
After age 6 months, how much 100% fruit juice should an infant get?
NO more than 4-6oz per day!!
62
When are solids introduced?
4-6 months of age
63
What are indicators of readiness for solid foods?
Voluntary control of the head and trunk | Disappearance of the extrusion reflex
64
What solid is introduced to an infant first?
Iron fortified cereal
65
How should new foods be introduced?
One at a time over a 4-7 day period to observe for signs of allergy or intolerance
66
What are signs of allergy or intolerance to new foods?
Fussiness Rash V/D Constipation
67
When are vegetables and fruits started?
6-8 months
68
After vegetables and fruits have beens started, what is given next?
Meats
69
What 3 types of food are not started until after 6 months?
Citrus fruits Meat Eggs
70
Should breastmilk be decreased as solids are introduced?
Yes, but should still remain the primary source of nutrition for an infant through 1st year
71
When can table foods that are cooked, chopped, and unseasoned be given to the infant?
9 months
72
What are some appropriate finger foods?
``` Ripe banana Toast strips Graham crackers Cheese cubes Noodles Peeled chunks of apple, pear, or peaches ```
73
When is nocturnal sleep pattern established?
3-4 months
74
Infants sleep ___ daily and ___ at night around 4 months.
14-15 hour daily; 9-11 at night
75
When do infants sleep through the night? How many naps do they take in the day?
12 months; 1-2 naps
76
What should hot water thermostats be set at to avoid burns?
120 F
77
When should crib mobiles be removed? Why?
4-5 months; so no chance of suffocation from that
78
How should infants be placed to sleep?
On their backs
79
``` A nurse is assessing a 12 month old at a well-child visit. Which of the following should the nurse report to the provider? A. Closed anterior fontanel B. Eruption of 6 teeth C. Birth weight doubled D. Birth length increased by 50% ```
C- birth weight should be tripled at 12 months
80
``` A nurse is performing a developmental screening on a 10 month old infant. Which of the following FINE motor skills should the infant be able to perform (select all that apply) A. Grasp a rattle by handle B. Try building 2 block tower C. Use a crude pincer grasp D.Place objects in container E. Move objects from hand to hand ```
A, C, E
81
``` A nurse is conducting a well-baby visit with a 4 month old. What immunizations should the nurse administer to the infant? A. MMR B. IPV C. PCV D. Varicella E. RV ```
B, C, E
82
``` A nurse is providing education about introducing new foods to the parents of a 4 month old. To best supply nutrients, the nurse should recommend that parents introduce which of the following first? A. Strained yellow vegetables B. Iron-fortified cereal C. Pureed fruits D. Whole milk ```
B