Chapter 4

Question 1

stomata

Answer 1

the tiny holes on the undersurface of the leaf to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

Question 2

transpiration

Answer 2

the process by which plants leak water vapor into the air through the open stomata

Question 3

Guard cells

Answer 3

double doors that open and close the stoma — also protects it.

Question 4

xylem

Answer 4

the type of tissue in vascular plants that provides support and conducts water and nutrients from the leaves to the middle structure of the plant

Question 5

phloem

Answer 5

the tissue that conducts food in vascular plants - flows down

Question 6

respiration

Answer 6

the process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide

Question 7

photosynthesis

Answer 7

the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food.

Question 8

root hairs

Answer 8

some cells of the epidermis extending from the root that takes in water.

Question 9

chloroplast

Answer 9

contain chlorophyll that captures energy from the sun - used to make food and is located on the upper side of the leaf.

Question 10

chlorophyll

Answer 10

a green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis.

Question 11

fossil fuel

Answer 11

a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago —- can be burned to release energy

Question 12

the process of photosynthesis

Answer 12

carbon dioxide + water - in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight = glucose + oxygen

Question 13

combustion

Answer 13

the process of burning fossil fuels.

Question 14

decomposition

Answer 14

the process of decaying

Question 15

Cuticle

Answer 15

a waxy outer structure that protects plants from drying out.