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Science > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Any natural material that is used by humans is a….

A

Natural Resource

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2
Q

What is a pollutant?

A

any harmful or unwanted substance that is released into the environment, such as CO2 or greenhouse gases

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3
Q

How can we reduce air pollution? (5 things)

A

By burning less fossil fuels(conserving them),
recycling
switching to renewable resources
planting crops that don’t need fertilizers
Contour plowing - plowing on the sides of hills to prevent soil erosion

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4
Q

What happens when fertilizers enter streams?

A

the chemicals in there can harm a large variety of animals in the ecosystem and cause the algae population to grow, harming the fish population.

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5
Q

What is thought to cause Global Warming?

A

an increase of greenhouse gases/CO2 in the atmosphere

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6
Q

Name 3 renewable resources.

A

air, sunlight, animals, trees.

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7
Q

a liquid of complex hydrocarbon compounds is…

A

petroleum

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8
Q

all living things are made up of the element…

A

carbon

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9
Q

how is natural gas/petroleum formed?

A

the remains of organisms become buried under sediment, transforming it through high pressures.

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10
Q

Natural resources that humans use to generate energy are called…

A

energy resources

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11
Q

a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived long ago is a…

A

fossil fuel

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12
Q

Why is it important to conserve fossil fuels?

A

it is a nonrenewable resource; once it’s gone, we can’t get it back.

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13
Q

How do microscopic sea organisms form petroleum and natural gas?

A

When they die, their remains settle on the ocean floor and are are buried by sediments. Over time, the organism will compact enough to transform into natural gas/ petroleum

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14
Q

Rocks through which fluids, such as petroleum or gas, can move are…

A

permeable rocks

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15
Q

How are petroleum and natural gas obtained?

A

by drilling wells

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16
Q

How is coal obtained?

A

through strip mining or surface mining

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17
Q

why are fossil fuels dangerous to our environment?

A

it releases greenhouse gases when burned, which causes Global Warming

18
Q

The joining of two or more nuclei to form a larger nucleus is…

A

fusion

19
Q

the process by which the nuclei of radioactive atoms are split into two or more smaller nuclei are called…

A

fission

20
Q

How are nuclear power plants dangerous to the environment?

A

fission and fusion creates radioactive waste

21
Q

What is conserving energy?

A

Not using a resource when you don’t need to (E.G: turning lights off when you aren’t in the room)

22
Q

What is recycling?

A

recovering useful materials from waste or reusing them

23
Q

Where does fusion happen naturally?

A

the sun

24
Q

The energy released when a chemical compound reacts to produce new compounds is…

A

chemical energy

25
Q

Is Biomass a renewable resource?

A

Yes; it comes from plants

26
Q

Does geothermal energy cause pollution?

A

yes?

27
Q

the most common way to release biomass energy is to…

A

burn it

28
Q

alcohol can be mixed with gasoline to make a fuel called…

A

gasohol

29
Q

Explain the process of obtaining geothermal energy.

A

liquid is sent down into the Earth where it is heated up and turns into steam and hot water, which can drive electric turbines or heat a building

30
Q

how is hydroelectric energy obtained?

A

falling water spins a turbine, generating electrical energy

31
Q

how is hydroelectric energy harmful to the environment?

A

building dams can destroy wildlife habitats and other resource. It can also decrease water quality and create soil erosion.

32
Q

What is a disadvantage of solar energy?

A

some areas don’t get enough sunlight year-round, making it hard to obtain solar energy in those areas.

33
Q

the use of a windmill to drive an electric generator is…

A

wind power

34
Q

What 2 kinds of light bulbs reduce the amount of electricity used?

A

LED and CFL

35
Q

what is an unintended negative consequence of using ethanol instead of gasoline?

A

Ethanol uses corn to make, so the price of corn increases because of the large demand.

36
Q

What practice increases the amount of soil that is washed away from an area?

A

Deforestation: cutting down many trees

37
Q

A mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons

A

Natural gas

38
Q

A liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds.

A

Petroleum

39
Q

Organic matter that contains stored energy

A

Biomass

40
Q

Most fuels contain…

A

Petroleum

41
Q

What is produced when sunlight acts on exhaust?

A

Smog

42
Q

Why should we recycle plastics?

A

It reduces the amount of waste in landfills

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