Chapter 18

Question 1

Any natural material that is used by humans is a….

Answer 1

Natural Resource

Question 2

What is a pollutant?

Answer 2

any harmful or unwanted substance that is released into the environment, such as CO2 or greenhouse gases

Question 3

How can we reduce air pollution? (5 things)

Answer 3

By burning less fossil fuels(conserving them),
recycling
switching to renewable resources
planting crops that don’t need fertilizers
Contour plowing - plowing on the sides of hills to prevent soil erosion

Question 4

What happens when fertilizers enter streams?

Answer 4

the chemicals in there can harm a large variety of animals in the ecosystem and cause the algae population to grow, harming the fish population.

Question 5

What is thought to cause Global Warming?

Answer 5

an increase of greenhouse gases/CO2 in the atmosphere

Question 6

Name 3 renewable resources.

Answer 6

air, sunlight, animals, trees.

Question 7

a liquid of complex hydrocarbon compounds is…

Answer 7

petroleum

Question 8

all living things are made up of the element…

Answer 8

carbon

Question 9

how is natural gas/petroleum formed?

Answer 9

the remains of organisms become buried under sediment, transforming it through high pressures.

Question 10

Natural resources that humans use to generate energy are called…

Answer 10

energy resources

Question 11

a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived long ago is a…

Answer 11

fossil fuel

Question 12

Why is it important to conserve fossil fuels?

Answer 12

it is a nonrenewable resource; once it’s gone, we can’t get it back.

Question 13

How do microscopic sea organisms form petroleum and natural gas?

Answer 13

When they die, their remains settle on the ocean floor and are are buried by sediments. Over time, the organism will compact enough to transform into natural gas/ petroleum

Question 14

Rocks through which fluids, such as petroleum or gas, can move are…

Answer 14

permeable rocks

Question 15

How are petroleum and natural gas obtained?

Answer 15

by drilling wells

Question 16

How is coal obtained?

Answer 16

through strip mining or surface mining

Question 17

why are fossil fuels dangerous to our environment?

Answer 17

it releases greenhouse gases when burned, which causes Global Warming

Question 18

The joining of two or more nuclei to form a larger nucleus is…

Answer 18

fusion

Question 19

the process by which the nuclei of radioactive atoms are split into two or more smaller nuclei are called…

Answer 19

fission

Question 20

How are nuclear power plants dangerous to the environment?

Answer 20

fission and fusion creates radioactive waste

Question 21

What is conserving energy?

Answer 21

Not using a resource when you don’t need to (E.G: turning lights off when you aren’t in the room)

Question 22

What is recycling?

Answer 22

recovering useful materials from waste or reusing them

Question 23

Where does fusion happen naturally?

Answer 23

the sun

Question 24

The energy released when a chemical compound reacts to produce new compounds is…

Answer 24

chemical energy

Question 25

Is Biomass a renewable resource?

Answer 25

Yes; it comes from plants

Question 26

Does geothermal energy cause pollution?

Answer 26

yes?

Question 27

the most common way to release biomass energy is to...

Answer 27

burn it

Question 28

alcohol can be mixed with gasoline to make a fuel called...

Answer 28

gasohol

Question 29

Explain the process of obtaining geothermal energy.

Answer 29

liquid is sent down into the Earth where it is heated up and turns into steam and hot water, which can drive electric turbines or heat a building

Question 30

how is hydroelectric energy obtained?

Answer 30

falling water spins a turbine, generating electrical energy

Question 31

how is hydroelectric energy harmful to the environment?

Answer 31

building dams can destroy wildlife habitats and other resource. It can also decrease water quality and create soil erosion.

Question 32

What is a disadvantage of solar energy?

Answer 32

some areas don't get enough sunlight year-round, making it hard to obtain solar energy in those areas.

Question 33

the use of a windmill to drive an electric generator is...

Answer 33

wind power

Question 34

What 2 kinds of light bulbs reduce the amount of electricity used?

Answer 34

LED and CFL

Question 35

what is an unintended negative consequence of using ethanol instead of gasoline?

Answer 35

Ethanol uses corn to make, so the price of corn increases because of the large demand.

Question 36

What practice increases the amount of soil that is washed away from an area?

Answer 36

Deforestation: cutting down many trees

Question 37

A mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons

Answer 37

Natural gas

Question 38

A liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds.

Answer 38

Petroleum

Question 39

Organic matter that contains stored energy

Answer 39

Biomass

Question 40

Most fuels contain...

Answer 40

Petroleum

Question 41

What is produced when sunlight acts on exhaust?

Answer 41

Smog

Question 42

Why should we recycle plastics?

Answer 42

It reduces the amount of waste in landfills