Chapter 15 - Layers of the Earth + tectonics

Question 1

What percent of the Earth is the Mantle?

Answer 1

66%

Question 2

What percent of the Earth is the Core?

Answer 2

33%

Question 3

The outer core is (state of mass) and the inner core is (state of mass)

Answer 3

Outer core - liquid

Inner core - solid

Question 4

what is the core mostly made of?

Answer 4

iron and nickel

Question 5

what are the 2 types of crust?

Answer 5

oceanic crust and continental crust

Question 6

What is the crust mainly composed of?

Answer 6

Oxygen, Silicon, and aluminum

Question 7

Put the 5 layers of the Earth in order

Answer 7

Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer core, inner core

Question 8

What does the lithosphere include?

Answer 8

all of the crust and the ridged outer layer of the mantle

Question 9

What layer of the Earth are tectonic plates?

Answer 9

Lithosphere

Question 10

What does the Mesosphere consist of?

Answer 10

the strong lower part of the mantle - going all the way down to the beginning of the core

Question 11

What does the asthenosphere consist of?

Answer 11

a plastic layer of the mantle on which tectonic plates flow, and solid, slow moving rock.

Question 12

How are scientists able to identify the composition and density of the mantle and core without drilling down to it?

Answer 12

by measuring the speed of seismic waves through each part of the Earth

Question 13

What was the giant landmass 245 million years ago called?

Answer 13

pangea

Question 14

Pangea split into 2 continents called

Answer 14

Laurasia and Gordwana

Question 15

what are mid-ocean ridges?

Answer 15

chains of underwater mountains where molten rock from the mantle comes up into the crust and solidifies, creating new oceanic lithosphere. Site of sea-floor spreading

Question 16

who developed the theory of the continental drift?

Answer 16

Wegner

Question 17

What percent of the Earth is the Crust?

Answer 17

Crust

Question 18

What formations occur at Transform boundaries?

Answer 18

Extreme earthquakes

Question 19

What formations occur at convergent boundaries?

Answer 19

Mountains, volcanic arcs, and island arcs

Question 20

What formations occur at Divergent boundaries?

Answer 20

Mid-ocean ridges

Question 21

what are the 3 types of convergent boundaries and what do they form?

Answer 21

continental-continental — Mountains
continental- oceanic —- volcanic arcs
oceanic-oceanic — Island arcs

Question 22

What is a likely cause of lithospheric plate movement?

Answer 22

Convection currents in the asthenosphere

Question 23

what happens during transform boundaries?

Answer 23

Tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally

Question 24

what happens during convergent boundaries?

Answer 24

tectonic plates collide

Question 25

what happens during Divergent boundaries?

Answer 25

tectonic plates move away from each other due to the molten rock rising up from mid-ocean ridges - it pushes the plates away

Question 26

What causes the striped pattern of materials pointing to different magnetic poles?

Answer 26

magnetic reversals —– some new material is formed from the asthenosphere, which points toward north during regular polarity. Then, new material is formed during reverse polarity, causing that material to point to south

Question 27

Which type of crust is denser but thinner?

Answer 27

oceanic crust

Question 28

which type of crust is lighter but thicker?

Answer 28

continental crust